NEMATODES Andrea Mc Quillan Carlee Mac Neill Hannah

NEMATODES Andrea Mc. Quillan, Carlee Mac. Neill, Hannah Gillam & Luke Coxhead

INTRODUCTION Invertebrates Very diverse Parasitic or free living 20 000 classified species More known parasitic species

CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Anamalia Phylum: Nematoda Class: § Adenophorea § Secernentea

EVOLUTION Little research of evolution Fossils dating back to 500 million years ago Related to arthropods and priapulids Evolved from unicellular organisms with no symmetry to radially symmetric organisms and then to bilaterally symmetric organisms They have hardly evolved over the past few millions of years

CHARACTERISTICS Size: Most are less than 1 mm to 5 cm in length § Can measure over 1 meter Cylindrical, bilateral symmetry, unsegmented Epidermis Tough but flexible cuticle

CHARACTERISTICS Longitudinal muscles Primitive body cavity Simple nervous system

LIFE CYCLE Variety of patterns that can all be related to one pattern. 2 phases: parasitic and pre-parasitic Reproduction § In most species it takes place in the host Majority reach adulthood and start mating in 2 -3 months Can live up to two years

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Stomodeum Intestine Excretory System http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=f. I 33 n. Rm. K 70 s

INTERESTING FACTS! Most significant source of consumers Can lay up to 200 000 eggs a day In a handful of dirt you can find thousands of nematodes Parasitic Nematodes can cause a variety of diseases

SOURCES "Nematode Genome Evolution*. " Nematode Genome Evolution. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. <http: //www. wormbook. org/chapters/www_genomevol/genomevol. html>. "Nematodes. " Nematodes. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. <http: //www. biocontrol. entomology. cornell. edu/pathogens/nematodes. html>. "Introduction to the Nematoda. " Introduction to the Nematoda. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. <http: //www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/phyla/ecdysozoa/nematoda. html>. "Placentonema Gigantissimum. " Placentonema Gigantissimum. N. p. , n. d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. <http: //www. springerreference. com/docs/html/chapterdbid/142533. html>. "Evolution of Nematode Development. " Evolution of Nematode Development. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. <http: //www. sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S 0959437 X 00001106>. "The Evolutionary History of Nematodes. " Brill. N. p. , n. d. Web. 26 Mar. 2014. <http: //www. brill. com/evolutionary-history-nematodes>. "NEMATODE. " NEMATODE. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. <http: //www. faculty. pnc. edu/jcamp/parasit/nematode. html> "The Phylum Nematoda. " The Nematodes (Phylum Nematoda). N. p. , n. d. Web. 31 Mar. 2014. <http: //www. earthlife. net/inverts/nematoda. html>. "NEMATODE. " NEMATODE. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. <http: //www. faculty. pnc. edu/jcamp/parasit/nematode. html> "Nematode Fossils Nematoda. " Nematode Fossils Nematoda. N. p. , n. d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. <http: //www. fossilmuseum. net/fossils/Nematoda-fossils. htm>.