NDMO Case Study HAWAII USA EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND

NDMO Case Study: HAWAII, USA EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS IOC Expert Missions May-August, 2005

Hawaii Hazard and Risk Analysis Hazards Low Risk 0 High Risk 2 4 6 8 10 Hurricane Flash Flood Tsunami Earthquake Volcano Subsidence/Landslide Urban Fire Power Failure Wild Fire HAZMAT(trans & oil spill) Drought Aircraft Incident HAZMAT(fixed) Tornado Dam Failure Radiologic(incl Marine) Civil Disorder Sharks Risk Ranking includes likelihood and effect on population and property

Major Natural Disaster Fatalities in Hawaii during the 20 th Century 13 Pacific-wide tsunamis hit the Hawaiian Islands. The three most destructive tsunamis caused a combined total of 222 deaths and hundreds of injuries: l l l April 1, 1946 (Aleutian Islands) May 23, 1960 (Chile) November 29, 1975 (Kalapana)

Maximum Run-ups in Hawaii from 13 Pacific-wide Tsunamis “RUNUP” = Coastal wave heights above mean sea level, as measured by debris on shore.

Hilo, April 1946

Hilo, May 1960

Hawaii Civil Defense System MISSIO • Minimize loss of life and property N • Provide for welfare & safety of citizens • Restore vital services • Provide for continuity of government • Manage resources for recovery AUTHORITI ES • Federal, State laws • Governor’s Directive to lead Emergency Response

Mitigation Pre-Event Preparedness Insurance Coverage Regulations Codes Legislation Recovery Funding Loans Grants Assistance Insurance Plans Information Training Education Resources Comprehensiv e Emergency Response Management Alert Post-Event Notification Law Enforcement Fire/Rescue Medical Utilities

Hawaii Civil Defense System Federal Agencies State Agencies County Agencies Private Supporting Agencies

WARNING CENTER OPERATORS Pacific, Indian Ocean, Caribbean, Mediterranean Tsunami Warning Centers GLOBAL EMERGENCY MANAGERS Civil Defense Local Authorities REGIONAL NATIONAL TSUNAMI SCIENTISTS University and Govt Researchers Comprehensive Tsunami Risk Reduction Stakeholders build Tsunami Resilient Community

SENSE-ing a Tsunami TOUCH Strong local earthquakes may cause tsunamis. l FEEL the ground shaking severely? Evacuate low-lying coastal areas and move inland to higher ground! l SIGHT As a tsunami approaches shorelines, water may recede from the coast, exposing the ocean floor and reefs. l SEE an unusual disappearance of water? Evacuate lowlying coastal areas and move inland to higher ground! l SOUND The abnormal ocean activity, a wall of water, and approaching tsunami waves create a loud “roaring” sound similar to that of a train or jet aircraft. l HEAR the roar? Evacuate low-lying coastal areas and move inland to higher ground! l

Sirens Emergency Alert System Radios Telephones/Hotlines Wire Data Systems Satellite

Statewide Siren Warning System (multi-hazard)

Statewide Siren Warning System 356 total sirens Statewide: Kauai l Oahu l Maui l Big Island l 47 176 66 67 All sirens are radio controlled. New sirens are solar powered.

How it Works (Emergency Alert System, EAS): Audio & Crawlers BROADCASTERS Audio EAS Audio & Alarm Activated by: National Weather Service State Civil Defense County Civil Defense

Emergency Alert System (EAS) SCD EOC (located in Diamond Head crater) initiates public message, which transmits immediately by dedicated microwave link to designated, pre-arranged radio stations on neighbor islands for broadcast; TV broadcasts (crawlers) originate from Honolulu

Governor NAWAS HAWAS SWP/HPD OCDA EOC National Guard CINCPAC USARPAC/AUTOVON Secure Phone(STU III) Facsimile 60 -Channel Recorder (radio & wire) Computer Notifier System After-Hours Coverage

STATE EOC Six Servers (Including Backup) SUN Sparc Stations (email & web site) Micron NT Servers (Office automation) FIBER OPTIC CONNECTIVITY Maui PDC Statewide Nationwide LOCAL AREA NETWORK Workstations, Printers, Scanners, CD Rom Tower STATE DIGITAL MICROWAVE wide area network PC’s-Oahu, Kauai, Maui, Hawaii EOC’s SATELLITE BACKUP, WIRELESS LINKS Connecting County EOC’s

State Civil Defense National Weather Service Pacific Tsunami Warning Center County Civil Defense Agencies - Kauai, Maui, Hawaii EOC County Warning Pts (police) National Weather Service Oahu Civil Defense Agency EOC State Warning Pt (police) System includes NWS satellite data & weatherfax; Network tested daily

DISTANT THREAT: Aleutian Generated Tsunami 4 Hours and 20 Min Travel Time First Impact: Port Allen, Kauai (northwest island)

DISTANT THREAT: Chilean Generated Tsunami 13 Hours and 36 Min Travel Time First impact: Hilo, Hawaii (southeast island)

Distant Tsunami Warning & Evacuation PTWC issues Tsunami Watch and Warning Bulletins to the State of Hawaii for distant earthquakes magnitude 7. 9 or greater. Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) activate and alert emergency response agencies. EOC coordinate siren sounding statewide at least 3 hours before 1 st wave arrival in conjunction with radio and television Emergency Alert System (EAS) broadcasts. EOC coordinate school closures and release of government workforce within tsunami evacuation zones. EOC prepare for disaster response operations.

Tsunami Evacuation Maps located in the front of Telephone White Pages

Oahu Bus Routes & Roadblocks City buses along the shoreline will alter their routes and shuttle people to the nearest inland shelter. Police will establish roadblocks 45 minutes prior to first wave arrival. All emergency response personnel will cease operations and move inland to safety 30 minutes prior to first wave arrival. Special concern in Hawaii is education of surfers – tsunamis are not surfing waves!

Local Tsunami Threat: 30 minutes to Waikiki, Oahu

Local Tsunami Warning & Evacuation PTWC issues an urgent tsunami warning for local earthquakes magnitude 6. 9 or greater. County Warning Points sound sirens in designated Counties (e. g. Hawaii and Maui Counties). National Weather Service broadcasts warning and evacuation through the EAS. EOC activate and prepare for disaster response operations.

Public Safety Notification “ALL CLEAR” PTWC will cancel the tsunami warning when destructive waves have ceased. Search & Rescue operations commence. County Civil Defense agencies announce “All Clear” over radio and television. No sirens will sound. Public may return to coastlines after “All Clear” is announced.

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS: Conducting Exercises HAWAII DISTANT TSUNAMI EXERCISE April 1, 2005

PURPOSE The statewide distant tsunami exercise will focus on Hawaii’s ability to respond to a distant tsunami from the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. The exercise provides an opportunity for participants to review their distant tsunami response procedures and to promote emergency preparedness. The exercise is planned by SCD with PTWC, who plays by issuing prescripted voice messages on the HAWAS and sending other electronic and hard copy messages.

EXERCISE OBJECTIVES Validate: l l Warning and Communications Procedures for a distant generated tsunami. Organizational Emergency Procedures. Review: l Organization Procedures for Evacuation: l l l Inland Evacuations Vertical Evacuations Public Transportation Kick off “April Tsunami Awareness Month” Public Awareness Campaign.

PARTICIPANTS – all stakeholders v COUNTY: OCDA , MCDA, KCDA, HCDA & CWPs v STATE: SCD, HING, DOE, DHRD, DBEDT, SLEC, DOT v FEDERAL: PTWC, NWS, ITIC, USCG, JTF-HD, FEMA, Fed Exec Board v OTHER: ARC, HTA, HHSA, HSVOAD, PDC, CAP, HEI, Pacific Tsunami Museum, RACES, Private Industry

EXERCISE SCENARIO 10: 15 a. m. An earthquake greater than 8. 0 magnitude occurs in the vicinity of the Alaska Aleutian Islands. 10: 25 a. m. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issues a Tsunami Watch Bulletin for the State of Hawaii. First wave arrival to Hawaii is 4 hrs 30 mins after earthquake origin time. 11: 45 a. m. Hawaii placed in a Tsunami Warning (3 hours before first wave arrival at 2: 45 p. m. ) Statewide siren sounding (monthly Siren System test). 2: 45 p. m. First wave arrival. 3: 30 p. m. End of Exercise.

Exercise Planning Dates Feb 23 Exercise Mtg (8: 30 a. m. ) at Radisson Prince Kuhio Hotel Mar 29 Media Press Conference Apr 1 Siren Sounding Statewide Tsunami Exercise For more info, contact Hawaii State Civil Defense

POLICY AND PLANNING Design Guidance http: //www. tsunamiwave. info/library/pubs/preparedness. html

EXAMPLE, HAWAII: STAKEHOLDER COORDINATION MECHANISM IMPLEMENTATION, POLICY, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND MEDIA, OUTREACH, EDUCATION

HAWAII TSUNAMI TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMITTEE (TTRC) • Reduce risk of tsunamis to State of Hawaii Founded 1998, meets 2 x/year Funded by State & NOAA (NTHMP) • Scientists, engineers, planners, Emergency managers, public affairs personnel NOAA, FEMA, USACE, USCG, DOD, FEB, Univ. Hawai`i, Pacific Disaster Center, Red Cross, Pacific Tsunami Museum, State & Local Agencies (DOE, DBEDT, DOT, DLNR, CZM, Warning Points, Civil Defense, Tsunami advisors)

HAWAII TTRC • Activities Hazard ID, Risk Assessment, Warning Guidance Awareness and Mitigation • Recent TTRC Agenda Topics PTWC Operations Report Runup and Inundation Modelling – Evacuation Maps Tsunami Observer Program, Post-Tsunami Survey Plan Multi-Level Regional Warning and Coastal Evacuation Statewide Exercise - Local Tsunami Public Affairs Working Group Activities (Awareness Month) Event Response, “Expert” Contact List, Press Pool, Web Social Science Perspectives on Tsunami Warnings Maritime operations during tsunami events – Ocean Currents in Harbors, Shipping ports, boating safety Civil Air Patrol Capabilities Working Groups: Emergency Mgmt, Scientific , Public Affairs

Public Affairs Working Group Hawaii TTRC NOAA, SCD, C&C Honolulu Public Affairs Officers ITIC, Pacific Tsunami Museum, Tsunami Survivor

1986, 1994 Tsunami Warnings Media Reports § Pacific -wide Tsunami Warnings Issued Sirens sounded, Statewide evacuations Small, non-destructive tsunamis § 1986 - mid-afternoon to pm rush hour 1994 - early morning to am rush hour § Losses 1994 (DBEDT Study) => $50 M 1986 (extrapolated) => $30 M 2003 (extrapolated) => $68 M § Media reports shape public opinion

Hawaii Tsunami Awareness Month (Organized by Hawaii TTRC PAWG) TAM Proclamations by Governor Recognition of Tsunami Survivors by Governor, State Legislature Statewide Tsunami Exercise, April 1 st

Hawaii Tsunami Awareness Month Activities Targeting Specific Groups § Schools Evacuation Drills l Science and Preparedness education (safety materials, Kid Science educational videos) l § Tourists Safety ads - Waikiki Beach Press free newspaper l Workshop for Hotel Association, Labor Union and Hotel Security Reps l § Minorities l Safety ads - minority publications

Hawaii Tsunami Awareness Month Distribution of Calendar of Events § § § § § Briefings of Legislature Media Workshop (tsunamis, warning procedures) Public Events/Displays - tsunami awareness Talks at Public Libraries Hawaii Public Television Kid Science Show (3 programs on tsunamis/1 hour each) Appearances on Radio Talk Shows Special Displays/Tours at Pacific Tsunami Museum Public Service Announcements (text not video) Public Open House at PTWC (Fri/Sat in April)

Prepared by: Brian S. Yanagi Hawaii State Civil Defense , Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcano Programs, byanagi@scd. hawaii. gov For further information, contact: Laura Kong Director, International Tsunam Information Centre l. kong@unesco. org, itic. tsunami@noaa. gov

Waialua, Oahu March 1957

Hilo, April 1946 Hatada Bakery on top a Boxcar

Hilo, May 1960

EXAMPLE: Hawaii Tsunami Awareness Month 2004

Tsunami Awareness Month 2004 Upcoming Events March 28 Annual Shinmachi Reunion Potluck, Wailo State Park, Big Island March 29 Workshop for Hotel Security Assn. , Media, “Tsunami! Mother Nature’s Weapon of Mass Destruction”, Neal Blaisdell Center, 2 sessions March 30/April 1 Public Access TV, Channel 52, Special on Tsunami Awareness, Donna Saiki, Director Pacific Tsunami Museum, Hilo

Tsunami Awareness Month 2004 April 1 Statewide Urgent Local Tsunami Exercise 11: 15 a. m. – 12: 15 p. m. April 2 Memorial Program for Laupahoehoe School and Community, Big Island, “Memories Behind Us, Friends Beside Us & Dreams Before Us” April 3, 17 Shinmachi Saturday at the Pacific Tsunami Museum, Hilo, Free admission to anyone who can trace their family to a Shinmachi history

Tsunami Awareness Month 2004 April 4 Tsunami Information Booth at E Malama I Ke Kai Ocean Awareness Festival, Bishop Museum, Honolulu April 10 Fundraiser Dinner for Pacific Tsunami Museum, Waikiki Yacht Club, Honolulu April 22 16 th Annual Earth Day Fair and Environmental Education Forum, Hilo May 23 2 nd Annual Tsunami Story Festival to commemorate 1960 Chilean tsunami, sponsored by Pacific Tsunami Museum, Sangha Hall, Hilo.

Hawaii Tsunami Awareness Month New Tools Developed § Tsunami Webpage for Media (www. prh. noaa. gov/itic/media) § Publications Educational video § Educational giveaways (bookmarks, magnets, luggage tags, highlighters) § Public Service Announcements (text not video) § Educational Curriculum (in the works)

Messages Promoted by PAWG Tsunami Safety & Preparedness 1. If you are near the coast & feel the earth shake so hard you cannot stand up, move immediately inland to higher ground. Ground shaking means that an earthquake has occurred and a tsunami may follow. 2. Know in advance whether or not you live in an evacuation area. Evacuation maps and shelter locations are found in the front of the Hawaii telephone book white pages. 3. Develop a family emergency plan and decide where you will meet if separated, how you will stay in contact, where you will seek shelter, and what you will take if you must evacuate. 4. Be prepared with food, water, and supplies to last for 3 days or until the “all clear” is announced.

OTHER TSUNAMI EFFORTS • State, County Tsunami Advisors (TA) Science liaison to Emergency Managers during alarms On-call 24 x 7 with pagers • Tsunami Alert System - PDC, SCD, ITIC PTWC-triggered alert for Emergency Managers, Tsunami Advisors Auto tsunami info paging, web archiving/display, travel time calculation

TSUNAMI ALERT and NOTIFICATION 20 Latest Msgs posted to PDC Website In Hawaii, from NWS, PTWC, JTWC Tsunami Bulletins from PTWC & ATWC Message Preprocessor Extracts data from message TTT/TWATCH auto-triggered. Tsunami Travel Time map auto-posted to PDC Website, emailed to subscribers Triggered by Tsunami Bulletins to generate earthquake map and tsunami travel time contour map. Automated paging to selected pagers Automatic parsing of bulletins to transmit selected textual information to pagers / text-capable cell phones. Paging criteria: Hawaii earthquakes = 5. 5, Alaska = 7. 0, Distant = 7. 5

A Real Tsunami Event - what happens 1. Media receive the bulletins at same time rest of us do. 2. Media will call anyone and everyone for statements not only for updates but to fill time. 3. They especially want to know definitions of a watch and a warning. They may want soundbites. 4. In Hawaii, most of the tsunami experts are either state or county advisors, meaning they are on duty at EOC and not available to respond to media calls. 5. PTWC telephone lines all busy. Recording is not automatically updated and often has old information. Watchstanders not available to respond to media calls. 6. Public Affairs Officers, ITIC librarian, and WCM become main spokespersons - Busy answering phone calls, not only from local media, but from national and international media. 7. Media webpage needs to be another source of ref info.

Lessons Learned 25 Sept 2003, Hokkaido 1. Need to anticipate questions & develop talking points scripts for commonly asked questions 2. Need robust hotline out of PTWC so they can provide updates to PRH, HFO, others (phone, pagers) 3. Need way to update the phone recordings (PTWC, ITIC, PRH) automatically or in real time 4. Need to be prepared to answer questions about both PTWC and WC/ATWC operations as well as impacts along the west coast AND Hawaii/Pacific region 5. Need to better manage media, consider creating a press pool (at the EOC, television station, HFO)

OTHER TSUNAMI EFFORTS Post-Tsunami Scientific Survey Plan Immediate local response to collect perishable data • Post-Disaster Technical Clearinghouse SCD TTRC/HSEAC, PDC, ITIC Multi-Hazard, incl terrorism Facilitate gathering, immediate post-event data sharing Electronic data archiving and access to secure server

MAJOR DISASTER Coordination Process State Departments and Agencies (19) Red Cross FEMA SBA FEMA National Governor Director Civil Defense Command Group Federal Response Plan 12 Emergency Support Functions State EOC FEMA DFO State Coordinating Officer Fed Coordinating Officer National Guard State Liaison Officer USARPAC Liaison Coast Guard Liaison County EOC Corps of Engineers Deputy Director Civil Air Patrol Liaison Field Response Elements VOAD Liaison Salvation Army