nd 2 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Life Before the Industrial

nd 2 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Life Before the Industrial Revolution…

New Products n Steel= Bessemer Process n Electricity – Enabled homes & factories to use a single power source

Who was Bessemer and what was the Bessemer process? n n Henry Bessemer was an English engineer and inventor He invented the Bessemer process, which made steel easier and cheaper to manufacture l l The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation through air being blown through the molten iron. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the iron mass and keeps it molten. So why is it important that steel became easier and cheaper to manufacture?

The Impact of the Railroad • Railway companies= country’s major employers • Spur the growth of other industries • Increased need to communicate across long distances • Need lots of power

ELECTRICITY How would your life be different without electricity? What do you think is the most important invention ever? WHY?

INVENTORS / INVENTIONS n n n Thomas Edison –Light Bulb Alexander Graham Bell – Phone Guglielmo Marconi – 1 st Radio Waves. Internal Combustion Engine – Oil/Gas - Gottlieb Daimler Wright Brothers – Air Plane

NEW PATTERNS Increased Buying Power - Increased wages - Lower prices + lower transportation cost= increased buying power Department Stores World (Global) Economy Transportation opens up markets to buy and sell from

The process of developing machine production of goods is called 1. 2. 3. 4. Enclosure Industrialization Urbanization Crop rotation

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? 1. 2. 3. 4. United States Great Britain France Germany

Cities had been built on rivers from the very beginning of human civilization. When the Industrial Revolution began, growing cities were often located close to ? what other resource 1. 2. 3. 4. Farmland Oil Wells Child Labor Coal and Iron mines

Why was industrialization in the U. S. primarily concentrated in the Northeast? 1. 2. 3. 4. Had the greatest supply of capital and labor Climate in the North favored industrial development Other regions lacked water transportation The Midwest/South had fewer natural resources

Large fields surrounded by fences or hedges, in which landowners experimented with seeding and harvesting methods to boost crop yields, were called… 1. 2. 3. 4. Enclosures Stocks Entrepreneurs Farms

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A New Social Order n n n New Urban Upper Class aka “THE NEW ELITE”: Make their $$$ in new industries New Middle Class: Modern corporations swell the middle class with managers, engineers, accountants, clerks, and salespeople; new jobs created Industrial workers: Hundreds of thousands move into cities in search of jobs l l 1890: 50% of industrial workers live below the poverty line--- What does this cause? Great demand in labor met by

From Europe To America… Where does the Industrial Revolution start? n How do you think it spreads to America? n

The Industrial Revolution Comes to America

Urban Life • People flock to cities to find work • Skyscrapers dominate the landscape – Why no skyscrapers before? • Mass transit • Tenements – What were tenements like?

Life during the Industrial Revolution

What were the factories like?

Read the Child Labor packet. When you are finished answer the following questions IN COMPLETE SENTENCES on a separate sheet of paper. • 1. In 2000, how many estimated child laborers were there? • 2. Should the US care about child labor? Why or why not? • 3. Should we stop child labor? Why or why not? • 4. How might we try to stop child labor today? EXPLAIN.

Which is NOT one of the reasons contributing to making Great Britain the starting place for the Industrial Revolution? 1. 2. 3. 4. Population growth Ready supply of capital Plentiful natural resources Lack of industrial markets Response Grid 10 Countdown

The _______ is a social class of people made up of skilled workers, professionals, businesspeopple, and wealthy farmers… 1. 2. 3. 4. Upper class Lower class Urbanites Middle class Response Grid 10 Countdown

Which of the following societal changes was brought on by the Industrial Revolution? 1. Coal miners moved out of the cities 2. Rural folks moved to cities for factory jobs 3. Farm wives gained a valuable source of income 4. Seamstresses were promoted to management positions Response Grid 10 Countdown

The major feature of industrial cities in Britain was a growing population. How did population growth affect these industrial cities? 1. Population growth created more jobs 2. Population growth resulted in more schools 3. Population growth encouraged migration to rural areas 4. Population growth led to overcrowded, unsanitary living conditions Response Grid 10 Countdown

In which countries did industrialization happen? 1. 2. 3. 4. In those that had limited trade routes In those that had largely rural populations In those that had coal or other power source In those that wanted to maintain traditional ways of working Response Grid 10 Countdown

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Some questions… • What was life like in the cities? • What were the working conditions like in the cities? • Why do people move to the cities and away from the farm? • Who works in the factories? • How do people feel about these conditions?

KARL MARX COMMUNISM n 1848 Communist Manifesto n n - Co writer Friedrich Engles Capitalism was cause of horrible living and working conditions “Class Struggle” Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat - Struggle evolve into violent revolution between the oppressors and the oppressed - Lead to Classless Society and Bourgeoisie would wither away

SOCIALIST PARTIES German Socialist Party – largest in Germany n Worked to pass laws to improve working conditions and fight against capitalism worldwide n

TRADE UNIONS n Workers unite to improve working conditions n Strike to get demands met n Demands 1. higher wages 2. better work conditions 3. right to collective bargain

Labor Unions • Some want to replace capitalism with an economic system that workers controlled – Many favor socialism. What is socialism? • The AFL: American Federation of Labor • The IWW: The Industrial Workers of the World • The AFL worked within the system and focused on skilled workers, while the IWW opposed capitalism and focused on unskilled workers – Matewan and Herrin

MASS SOCIETY

WOMEN New job opportunities - Assembly line work - Low paid white collar jobs Secretaries, file clerk, sales clerks Women are expected to work until married

UNIVERSAL EDUCATION n n 1870 -1914 Western countries make school mandatory for kids ages 6 -12 Reasons for EDT 1. Industry needed trained/skilled workers 2. Educated voters for democracy

NEW FORMS OF LEISURE. Industrial system gave people free time. n Amusement Parks n Sporting Events n News papers n

Why did the workers support communism during the Industrial Revolution? 1. 2. 3. 4. It promised economic equality It offered an opportunity to get rich The poor would work hard enough to enter the middle class under communism It promised a more urbanized and modern society Response Grid 10 Countdown

Which was the first professional baseball team? 1. 2. 3. 4. Brooklyn Dodgers Cincinnati Reds New York Yankees Chicago Cubs Response Grid 10 Countdown

Which was NOT a new form of leisure activity during the industrial revoluton? 1. 2. 3. 4. Newspapers Swimming pools Amusement parks Organized sports teams Response Grid 10 Countdown