Navigation 3 04 TDV Scenarios References Nil 3

Navigation 3. 04 TDV Scenarios References: Nil

3. 04 TDV Scenarios • MTPs: – Time, Distance, Velocity – TDV Relationship – Importance to Aviation – Scenarios – E 6 B calculator – Wiz Wheel

Time, Displacement, Velocity • Time – The measure of how long something takes – E. g. it takes 15 minutes to walk to school • Displacement – The measure of how far something is – E. g. it is 15 Km to the ice rink from my house • Velocity – The measure of how quickly one travels – E. g. we can drive up to 80 Km/h on highway 1

TDV Relationship • A mathematical relationship exists between time, displacement, and velocity – V=D/T – D=TV – T=D/V • Memory triangle D T V

TDV Relationship • How to use the memory triangle: 1. Cover what you’re looking for 2. Look at how the other pieces are arranged 3. Math it! D T V

TDV Relationship Examples: D T V T=D/V D T V D=TV D T V V=D/T

Importance to Aviation • The TDV relationship is important to aviation for several reasons – Based on distance covered over the ground and time, it is possible to calculate groundspeed, which is not available in the cockpit without sophisticated GPS – Based on groundspeed and distance remaining, it is possible to calculate flight time remaining, and thus fuel required – Based on fuel (maximum flight time) remaining, and groundspeed, it is possible to calculate maximum range available

D T V Scenarios • You rented a brand new C 182 JT-A for the weekend to fly from Nanaimo (YCD) to Sechelt-Gibsons (AP 3) and pick up your friend, and you want to tell your friend when you will arrive – The distance from YCD to AP 3 is 21 nm – Your cruise speed is 135 kts – About how long should your flight take?

D T V Scenarios • You rented a brand new C 182 JT-A for the weekend to fly from Nanaimo (YCD) to Sechelt-Gibsons (AP 3) and pick up your friend, and you want to tell your friend when you will arrive – The distance from YCD to AP 3 is 21 nm – Your cruise speed is 135 kts – About how long should your flight take?

D T • • V Scenarios 21 nm – Distance D 135 kts – Speed V Find Time T T= D / V T= 21 / 135 T= 0. 1555 hours 0. 1555 * 60 = 9. 3 minutes about 10 min Plus time for Take-off and Landing

D T V Confirmation • Now that you picked up your friend, you’re ready to continue from Sechelt-Gibsons (AP 3) to Pitt Meadows for gliding (YPK) – The distance from AP 3 to YPK is 43 nm – Your cruise speed is 135 kts – About how long should your flight take? – T = D / V = 43 / 135 = 19. 1 minutes

D T V Scenarios • While flying to YPK you are diverted to Boundry Bay due to a police incident on the airfield. Your friend is flying, and you notice you appear to be fighting a headwind. – You pick a known distance, and find that you cover half a mile in 15 seconds. – What is your ground speed?

D T • • • V 0. 5 nm 15 sec / 60 = 0. 25 min / 60 = 0. 00416 hr V=D/T V = 0. 5 / 0. 00416 V = 120 kts Scenarios

D T V Confirmation • A few minutes later, you check your groundspeed again and find that you covered a half mile in 17 seconds. – What is your new groundspeed? – V = D / T = 0. 5 / (17/60/60) – 106 kts

D T V Scenarios • You want to know the distance of the Port Mann bridge, so you take a quick detour to figure it out. – You fly the length of the span in 26 seconds – Assume calm winds and a cruise airspeed of 135 kts – How long is the bridge?

D T V Scenarios • 135 kts • 26 sec / 60 = 0. 43 min / 60 = 0. 00722 hr • D=VT • D = (135) * (0. 00722) • D = 0. 975 nm

D T V Confirmation • You’re curious now about how long the Pattullo Bridge is, so you decide to check it out too. – It takes you 20 seconds to fly the span. – Assume calm winds and a cruise speed of 135 kts. – How long is the bridge? – D = T * V = 20/60/60*135 = 0. 75 nm

E 6 B Class #1 – Distance Conversions – Time, Speed, Distance – Fuel calculations E 6 B Class #2 • Wind Correction • Ground Speed E 6 B Class #3 » Density Altitude » True airspeed, Indicated airspeed

BC Online Ground School MTPs – The E 6 B flight computer – Calculations • Distance Conversions • Time, Speed, Distance • Fuel calculations 3. 06 Navigation – E 6 B

• “Wiz Wheel” • Used for – Quick calculations during flight – Determining the winds effect on an aircraft • All calculations may be done without a flight computer

Types of Flight computers • E 6 B • CR 3 • Electronic

Calculations Wind Calculations E 6 B – It has 2 sides

Type of calculations • Conversions – Distance – Quantity – Temperature – Speed (CAS, TAS) – Weight • Calculation – Time, Speed, Distance – Fuel, GPH, Time

• Vocabulary – Inner Scale (time, IAS) – Outer Scale (distance, fuel, groundspeed) – Rate arrow

Scale: The numbers on the flight computer range from 10 to 90. These can represent any number Ex. 12 can represent: 0. 12, 120… NOTE: when doing calculations do some mental math!!!! Does the number you get make sense

Conversions • Distance Manually KM to SM *. 62 NM to SM *1. 15 SM to NM *. 87

Example #1 61 sm is equal to ____NM 61*0. 87 = 53 OR 1. Find 61 on the inner wheel 2. Turn 61 so it is lined up with the STAT miles on the outer scale 3. Read the number under NAUT miles = 53

Example #2 100 nm is equal to ___ SM 100 nm * 1. 15 = 115 sm 1. 2. 3. Find 100 on the inner wheel Turn 100 so it is lined up with the NAUT miles on the outer scale Read the number under STAT miles = 115

Your turn: Convert the following 47 SM 1. 75 KM = _____ 46 SM 2. 40 NM = _____ 78 3. 90 SM = ______ NM 40 4. 25 SM = ______ KM 138 SM 5. 120 NM = _____ KM to SM *0. 62 SM to KM *1. 60 NM to SM *1. 15 SM to NM *0. 87

Time (T), Speed (V), Distance (D) calculations A. Finding Time How long will it take to go 40 nm while travelling 75 knots? T = D/V T= 40/75 T =. 53 hr =. 53*60 = 32 min

1. 2. 3. Turn the inner dial so the RATE ARROW lines up with the speed on the outer scale (75 kts) Find the distance on the outer scale (40 nm) Read the time on the inner scale = 32 min

1. 2. 3. Turn the inner dial so the RATE ARROW lines up with the speed on the outer scale (120 kts) Find the distance on the outer scale (140 nm) Read the time on the inner scale = 1 hr 10 min V = 120 kt, D= 140 nm, T = ?

B. Finding Distance • Just like how you can rearrange the triangle, you can solve all parts of the triangle on the wheel • How far will you travel in 35 minutes travelling at 75 kts? D= V*T D=75*(35/60) D=44 nm

1. Line up the rate arrow to the speed on the outer dial (75 kt) 2. Find the time on the inner dial (35) 3. Read the distance across from the time on the outer dial (44 nm)

C. Finding speed V = D/T What is your speed if you have travelled 10 nm in 8 minutes? V= 10/(8/60) = 76 kts

1. Find your time on the inner dial (8 min). 2. Line it up with your distance on the outer dial (10 nm) 3. Find the rate arrow and read off the speed on the outer dial (76 kt)

Your turn: Solve the following 1. How far will you travel in 45 68 sm 50 kts minutes at 90 mph? 2. How fast are you travelling if 1: 10 you cover 75 nm in 1. 5 hrs? 3. How long does it take to fly 100 nm if you are flying at 85 kts? Remember: Inner dial = time, outer dial = distance, rate arrow = speed

Fuel calculations are exactly like time speed and distance calculations Time = Time Speed = Fuel consumption rate Distance = Total fuel

Your turn: Solve the following 1. How many gallons of fuel do you need to travel for 1. 75 hours with a burn rate of 15 gph? 2. What is your fuel consumption rate if you have travelled for 50 minutes and have burned 8 gallons of fuel? 3. How long can you fly if you are burning 12 gph and have 40 gallons of fuel? Remember: Inner dial = time, outer dial = total fuel, rate arrow = fuel consumption rate 26 gal 9. 6 gph 3: 20

1. 107 nm = 2. V = 80 kts, D = 300 nm, T= 3. V = 105 kt, T = 43 min, D= 4. T= 9 min, D= 15 nm, V = 5. V= 7 gph, T= 30 min, D= 6. V= 9 gph, D= 38 gal, T= 7. T= 1: 15, V= 10. 4, D= 123 sm ______ 225 min ______ 75 nm ______ 100 kt ______ 3. 5 gal _______ 253 min ______ 8. 3 gph Remember: Inner dial = time, outer dial = distance, rate arrow = speed

There are many more calculations that the E 6 B flight computer can solve but these are the main ones you’ll see. 1. Distance conversions 2. Time, Speed, Distance Calculations 3. Fuel Calculations

Homework: • Create some problems on your own to solve • Use the online emulator or do your own math to double check your answers • Be completely comfortable doing the types of problems we covered for next class • If you need more guidance watch you tube videos, there are LOTS out there • Practice: http: //www. gleim. com/aviation/computerinstructi ons. php

Cessna 182 JT A