Nature vs Nurture Chapters 10 and 13 Nature

Nature vs. Nurture Chapters 10 and 13

Nature vs. Nurture Quiz Answer True or False for the following questions l 1. Even complex human traits are determined by a single gene l 2. People’s divorce risks are about 50% attributable to genetic factors l 3. Adoptees’ traits bear more similar to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents l 4. Two different children in the same family are on average as different from one another as are pairs of children selected from the general population

Nature vs. Nurture Quiz cont l 5. If after a worldwide catastrophe only Icelanders and Kenyans survived, the human species would soon be just as mixed and diverse as it is now l 6. A child who hears English spoken with one accent at home and another in the neighborhood or at school adopts the accent of their peers, not their parents l 7. Compared with Westerners, people in Japan exhibit greater concern for social harmony and loyalty

Nature vs. Nurture Quiz cont l 8. Seven weeks after conception, males and females remain anatomically identical l 9. Even when families discourage gender typing, children still organize themselves into “boy worlds” and “girl worlds”

Nature vs. Nurture Quiz Answers l 1. False l 2. True l 3. False l 4. True l 5. False l 6. True l 7. True l 8. True l 9. True

Heredity vs. Environment l Heredity- characteristics obtained directly from the genes l Environment- person’s surroundings (which influence a person’s characteristics) l Journal- which do you think has the greatest influence? Nature? Nurture? Why?

Heredity l Genesl basic units of heredity Ex eye color, hair color, body build, etc. l Chromosomes- structures containing genes l All human cells contain 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), except for reproductive cells which contain 23 chromosomes (1/2 of a pair, so they can attach to the other half to make a person)

Gender l. X Chromosome In both men and women (men have 1, women have 2) l X Chromosome from each parent produces a female child l l. Y Chromosome Only in men (men have 1) l Y Chromosome when paired with the X Chromosome from the mother produces a male child l

Gender Roles l Gender Role- set of expected behaviors for men and women l Gender Identity- one’s sense of being male or female

Gender Roles Quiz l Take Gender Roles Quiz l What messages do you remember picking up from parents/teachers/the media growing up about boys and girls? l Which messages will you give your own child one day? l If you could change some messages which would you change? Why?

Gender Roles Quiz cont l What does it mean to be a strong man? What about a strong woman? Are they different? l Which careers do you classify as male? As female? Will this influence you one day? l In an ideal world how would gender look?

Gender Roles Quiz Take the Gender Roles in the Home Quiz l 1 F, 2 F, 3 M, 4 F, 5 M, 6 M, 7 M, 8 M, 9 F, 10 M, 11 F, 12 M, 13 F, 14 M, 15 F, 16 F l

Evolutionary Psychology l Evolutionary Psychology- the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using the principles of natural selection l Natural Selection- the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increase reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Evolutionary Psychology l World wide, men preferred attractive physical features suggesting youth and health and women preferred resources and social status

Evolutionary Psychology Quiz l Take Evolutionary Psychology Quiz l #1 Most people picked 5 year old More attached to older child, known longer l Child speaks, has emotions, etc. l Not as close to infant l Infant can’t speak, do anything l l #2 Most people picked 20 year old still has a lot of life ahead, too young to die l 40 year told has lived his/her life, older and ready more ready to die l

Evolutionary Psychology Quiz cont l #3 l Men say younger youth and appearance, better chance to procreate, healthier Women say older l l# settled, mature, family man 4 Men and women rate kindness high l Men rate attractiveness higher l Men rate exciting personality higher l Women rate ambition and motivation higher l Women rate financial prospects higher l

Evolutionary Psychology Quiz l #5 l Assume mothers are more nurturing and caring, so double pick double mother l #6 l Most people say mother of the mother Most people say death of a son Men valued more, can carry on family name, can provide for family if needed l #7 Most people say death of a healthy child Not fair, sudden, child go on to procreate l Unhealthy child ok, prepared for death l

Evolutionary Psychology l Rate your 4 grandparents on a scale of 1 -100 (1 cold, no relationship, 100 very warm, great relationship) l Do mother, mother father, father mother, and father l Most people rate mother highest and father lowest l Maybe grandparents follow Evolutionary Psychology too?

Twin Studies l Used to debate “nature vs. nurture” l Identical twins- one egg that splits l the most alike any 2 people can be l Fraternal twins- 2 eggs as different as regular siblings or 2 random people l l Read about Minnesota Twin Study

Individualism vs. Collectivism l Individualism- giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications l Collectivism- giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly l Western cultures (America/Europe) tend to be more individualist than Eastern cultures (Asia/Africa)

Value Contrasts Between Individualism and Collectivism Concept Individualism Collectivism Self Independent (identity from individual traits) Interdependent identity from belonging) Life task Discover and express one’s uniqueness Maintain connections, fit in What matters Me--personal achievement and fulfillment; rights and liberties We-group goals and solidarity; social responsibilities and relationships Coping method Change reality Accommodate to reality Morality Defined by individuals (self-based) Defined by social networks (duty-based) Relationships Many, often temporary or casual; confrontation acceptable Few, close and enduring; harmony valued Attributing behaviors Behavior reflects one’s personality and attitudes Behavior reflects social and roles

Individualism vs. Collectivism l Take Individualism vs. Collectivism Quiz l Answers Give yourself the amount of points of the number you chose for questions 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9 l Reverse the numbers (ex. 1=5) for questions 3, 6, 8, and 10 l The higher your score the more collectivist you are, the lower your school the more collectivist you are l