Nature Based Solutions and Smart Urban Water Grids

Nature Based Solutions and Smart Urban Water Grids Albert E. Jansen Water Innovation Consulting Achieving Water Resilient Cities & Communities Barcelona, Spain, 13 and 20 November 2020

Content • • Smart urban water grid Floating Hotel Industrial water reuse Floating Farm Water from Heaven Anaerobic MBR Summary and Conclusions

Issues Current Situation • Suitable sources for drinking water are shrinking by climate change and pollution • Climate change gives more precipitation, but for reason of watermanagement it is sent to sea • During droughts and high temperatures water use is rationed • Seawage system can not handle any more precipation and waste water • Waste water treatment is needed for the circular economy (energy and resource recovery) • Centralized systems are very expensive • Non optimized water reuse facilities • Emission of biocide resistant bacteria

Specific Urban Solutions • Industry (supply, waste water) • Autarkic houses (supply, grey and black waste water, nutrients ). • Energy from Industry • Hospitals (EDC’s from urine, prevention of bicide resistant bacteria) • Sport fields (water collection) • Business building (autarkic) • Agriculture (water supply and nutrients from houses and industry)

Urban Innovation: Floating autarkic hotel

Industrial Economic Challenge • • • Water value is low (1%) Content of water is high (water, energy and components) No water availability is a cost full risk Climate change is increasing this risk Water reuse is logical next step Unique re-use solutions are cost full

The Technical Challenge • Unique waste water streams (multi components) • Unique process water conditions • Re-use: unique separation problems • Selection of adequate solution supplier/technology • Interface production process

Floating Farm Rotterdam Project: EAP Application • Cattle water • Dairy Process water • Energy savings • Autarky

Floating Farm Rotterdam

Water from Heaven Application • Drinking water • No energy nor chemicals required Results: No EDC’s, medicins Low NO 3 No hardness No PAH’s No pesticides etc. Low bacteria No forbidden bacteria NH 4+ at ppm level No micro plastics/nano particles No asbest

Rain (0, 82 m 3/m 2 annualy) =2, 2 % =0, 1 %

Ecovillage Boekel

Energy from black water Organics to CH 4

Summary • Centralized systems are out • Smart Urban water grids new solution? • Nature Based Solutions urban integrated • • • Water from Heaven Floating autarkic systems (hotel, houses, farms) Energy from black water by anaerobic digestion Lower cost water treatment by modularization and standardized technologies Grey water reuse for showers

Nature based solutions and technologies: Membrains? Contact: albert. wic@ziggo. nl 20

Technical Innovations (1) • Cooling water • • River water heat uptake is critical Heat can be used in water treatment/process • Membrane distillation (low temperature desalination)

Technical Innovations (2) • Salt waste streams • • • Forward Osmosis (FO) Membrane Distillaton Crystalization Selective Crystallization

Membrane Distillation Crystalization a hybrid combination of Membrane Distillation and Membrane Assisted Crystallization Akzo. Nobel Devente, April 9, 2010 Albert Jansen 23

Potential products out of 1. 000 m 3 seawater • • 980 m 3 pure water (10 micro S/cm) 30 ton Na. Cl 1 ton Na. Cl/KCl/Mg. SO 4/Mg. Cl 2/. 6 H 2 O 1 ton Ca. CO 3/Ca. SO 4 0, 1 ton Ba. SO 4 0, 01 ton other salts <3 m 3 (<0, 3%) aqueous waste stream with organics and salts (bitters) Akzo. Nobel Devente, April 9, 2010 Albert Jansen 24

Technical Innovations (3) • Organic waste to energy • Conversion to CH 4 or H 2 • Energy factory: organics to power

Technical Innovations (4) • Removal of micropollutants in salt stream • Chemical oxidation (O 2 or H 2 O 2 UV) • Electrochemical oxidation (Arvia, Peroxsite) • Activated Carbons

Active carbon adsorption for crop protecting agents

Peroxsite results for crop protecting agents

Technical Innovations (5) • Recovery of valuable inorganics • Struvite (NH 4 Mg. PO 4. 6 H 2 O)

Status • Most technologies are tested and demonstrated • First lab test, pilots and full scale demonstrations • EU FP projects with industrial partners • Aquafit 4 all • Chemwater • E 4 Water • Res. Food