Naturalism Movement II Naturalism A branch of REALISM

Naturalism Movement II

Naturalism � � � A branch of REALISM that attempts to represent the subjects without artificiality, avoiding artistic conventions as well as incredible, exotic and supernatural elements It aims to reproduce reality in an objective, almost documentary way, exposing both the most sublime and beautiful, as well as the most vulgar and obscure So, Naturalism can be taken as a movement that takes some of its aspects from realism and yet has its own independent arguments that separate it from Realism

Main Features � � � � � Determinism Pessimism Detached Narrator Language of the Low Class Society Heredity and Inheritance Rejection of Romanticism Philosophy and Science Scientific Impartiality Social Environment Darwinism

Determinism � � Determinism is a doctrine that holds that every event is casually determined by the cause-consequence chain (the present state determines the future). So in Naturalism, you can trace an absence of FREE WILL and a presence of DETERMINISM In this way, the characters that make up the universe of naturalistic novels do not seem to have hopes. So if they have problems and dreams, they don’t seem to be doing anything for these problems and dreams. So the Naturalists believe that one can not have a free will to do anything of his choice rather it’s the present that determines the coming times.

Pessimism � � Naturalism focuses on the NEGATIVE aspects of life. Thus, among the main topics dealt with by naturalists are the darkest situations of human life, such as vice, violence, racism, disease etc. This pessimism stems from determinism, in which, for example, if a character was born in an environment of poverty, most likely in the context of naturalism, is that he dies in poverty. This dark portrait of life can have a great value in raising awareness, allowing the reader to understand the difficulties people face in different situations, and how helpless they can feel.

Detached Narrator � Unlike the Omniscient Narrator of realism, the naturalist narrator describes everything in an impersonal tone, without getting involved with the characters or showing signs of affection towards the situations that occur. This occurs because naturalists analyze and describe society from a scientific point of view.

Language of the Low-Class � As for the language used by the characters, it will be influenced by the environment and social context to which the characters belong, which usually is the lower strata of society, so that the expressions used will try to be the same as those used by people living in conditions similar to those described.

Heredity and Inheritance � Along with determinism, that is, the absence of free will , Naturalists were interested in heredity and human nature, which led them to explore how the characteristics of the parents can pass to the next generation and therefore determine the future of someone (a character) according to his heritage.

Philosophy and Science � Naturalism as a philosophical movement managed to bring philosophy closer to science, stating that there is nothing beyond nature (there is nothing over natural) and promoted the use of scientific method Or to investigate anything that is real.

Social Environment � The life and destiny of the characters in the naturalistic narrative are determined by various factors, as mentioned, determinism and inheritance. From this also derives the social environment to which the characters belong in naturalistic novels.

Darwinsim � � Naturalism was highly influenced by the publication of the book The origin of species from Charles Darwin In 1859, which is the foundation of Evolutionary biology. In this book, Darwin introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations, through a process known as natural selection. Darwin demonstrated how the evolution of species is determined by the struggle for survival. Thus, Darwin's theory strongly influenced naturalists, who saw people as different species, that is, different types of people, all struggling to survive and thrive.