Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution Foldable

Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution Foldable 1. Fold 4 pieces of paper, hamburger style into a flip book. 2. Staple with two staplers at the top. 3. Write the title “Natural Selection and the Evidence of Evolution 4. Pictures for the booklet are on a separate sheet.

Flipbook should look like this… Place staples here (Inside of flipbook) Top Flap Natural Selection and Evidence of Evolution (Inside of flipbook) Bottom Flap (Front of flipbook)

Table of Contents • Inside of the FIRST BOTTOM FLAP, write the table of contents. • Write the page numbers of every page including the back of the book. • 13 pages total.

On the bottom flap write: Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Modern Theory of Evolution …………………. . Origins of Evolution ………………. Natural Selection & Types …………. . . Influences of Evolution …………… Patterns of Evolution & Speciation …………… Evidences of Evolution …………… page # 1 -2 3 -4 5 -6 7 -8 9 - 10 11 -13 * Number every page after Table of Contents, 13 pages total.

1. Modern Theory of Evolution

(Inside) On Top 1 st Flap pg. 1 draw the Frayer chart What is Evolution? What is Natural Selection? EVOLUTION Why makes certain individuals more able to survive? How does Natural Selection work?

Page 1 directions • Complete the Frayer chart for page 1 using the information on the following slides (links below). – What is evolution? – Why makes certain individuals more able to survive? – What is natural selection? – How does Natural Selection work?

What is evolution? The change in populations over time.

Insights into why only certain individuals survive… • Traits vary among populations; these traits are inherited • Breeding with others that had desirable traits produced offspring with these traits

What is natural selection? • Mechanism of change in populations over time

(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 2 draw: Who is Darwin? Who is Malthus?

Directions pg. 2 • Complete the chart using the information for the following (links below) – Who is Darwin? • Darwin’s book. • Darwin’s hypothesis – Who is Malthus? • Thomas Malthus • How Malthus affected Darwin’s Ideas?

Who is Charles Darwin? • English scientist/naturalist whose ideas provide foundation for theory of evolution by natural selection • Sailed on HMS Beagle for 5 years studying and collecting biological and fossil specimens

Major Ports of Call… • Galapagos Islands – Location: Near equator, 1000 km off west coast of S. America – What he studied: many species of animals and plants unique to the island, but are similar elsewhere – Major findings: Observations led to his consideration that species change over time

Darwin’s book… • 1859, The Origin of Species • Detailed account on his ideas and theories that support evolution

Darwin’s Hypothesis… • Artificial Selection- breeding organism with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits • There is force in nature that works like artificial selection

Thomas Malthus • Proposed idea that human populations grow faster than Earth’s food supply

How Malthus affected Darwin’s ideas… • Realized organisms struggle to compete in changing environments. Many types of competition exist: – Food and space – Escaping predators – Location of shelter

2. Origins of Evolution

(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 3 draw: BIOGENSIS SPONTANEOUS GENERATION

Directions pg. 3 • Complete the Venn diagram on pg. 3 using the following information. be sure to follow directions. • Click on the links below. – Spontaneous Generation – Biogenesis

Spontaneous Generation • Theory states that non-living matter produces life • Disproved by Redi’s Experiment “Life does not just appear, it comes from other living things”

Biogenesis • Theory that living things come from other living things • Proven by Pasteur’s experiment

(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 4 : • Paste/Tape the following pictures

3. Natural Selection

(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 5 draw: What is Natural Selection? How does it occur? NATURAL SELECTION What are the types of Natural Selection? Picture

Directions pg. 5 • Complete “Natural Selection” Frayer chart using the following information using the links below: – What is Natural Selection? – How does it occur? – What are the types of Natural Selection? – Picture (put picture on pg. 6 of your booklet. )

Natural Selection What is it? • Change in an allele over a period of time How does it occur? • Occurs in populations! Evolution can not occur in a single individual

Types of Natural Selection are: • Stabilizing • Directional • Disruptive Picture:

(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg 6. write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: A) mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction B) Mode of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases as the population stabilizes, selects against extreme values of the character and favors the intermediate variants C) extreme values for a trait are favored; the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups

4. Influences of Evolution

(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 7 write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Genetic Equilibrium • Defined as the frequency of alleles that remains the same over generations • Evolution only occurs when alleles are not in equilibrium • Label the picture that shows “genetic equilibrium” Mutations • Any change in DNA • Causing individuals in a population to express a new phenotype

(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 8 write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Gene Flow • also called migration • addition of genes into a population • alters allelic frequencies Genetic Drift • random events remove genes from a population • gene frequencies in a population change

5. Patterns of Evolution & Speciation

(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 9 write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Divergent Evolution Convergent Evolution • Species that evolve to be different even though they come from a common ancestor • Species that evolve to be similar to each other • For example: they have similar structures

(Inside) On Bottom Flap pg. 10 write: Glue in the following picture & Label the following: Speciation • a lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species

6. Evidences of Evolution

(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 11 write: Evidences of Evolution • Adaptations- structural and physiological • Fossil Evidence • Anatomical Evidence • Embryology • Biochemistry Why? – Variation that aids an organisms chances of survival in its environment – Develop in a species over many generations

(Inside) On Bottom of Flap pg. 12 write: Structural Adaptations Physiological Adaptations • What are they? – Changes in – Protect against predators organism’s • Mimicry metabolic processes – Enables one species to • Example: resemble another – After years of exposure to specific • Camouflage pesticides, insects – Enables species to blend and weeds have with surroundings become resistant • Teeth and Claws

(Inside) On Top Flap pg. 13 write: (more to write on next slide) Fossil Evidence • Indirect source • Provide record of early life • As record becomes more complete, the sequence of evolution is clearer Anatomical Evidence 1. Homologous Structurescommon evolutionary origin 2. Analogous Structures- no common origin, but similar in function

(Inside) pg. 13 continue write: Anatomical Evidence 3. Vestigial- body structure in present day organism that no longer serves original purpose Embryological Evidence • Similarities in development before birth Biochemical Evidence • All organisms share DNA, ATP and many enzymes among their biochemical molecules *You are finished with your flipbook. Color and decorate