Natural Selection and Adaptations What are Adaptations Any

What are Adaptation’s Any physical, physiological, or behavioural trait’s that are inheritable and improve

The Peppered Moths have two colour variations: (I) greyish-white with black flecks (ii) black

- originally black was very rare (approx 2% in 1850) - a black individual

- 50 years later -->95% of moths were black in Manchester --> in rural

Peppered Moth Study by Bernard Kettlewell

Peppered Moth Study by Bernard Kettlewell 1. Release-Recapture experiments - mark & release moths;

Release and Capture Experiment non-industrial woods light dark moth 14. 6 % 4. 7

Conclusions of his work! • behaviour & the genetic make up of moths along

What effects did clean air measure do? 1950’s clean-air legislation enacted---> lichen began to

What is Natural Selection? The process in which organisms best adapted to their environment

Artificial Selection • occurs when people artificially select organisms for particular traits that they

• some results are: -disease resistant plants -cows that produce more milk -racehorses

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Natural Selection and Adaptations

What are Adaptation’s Any physical, physiological, or behavioural trait’s that are inheritable and improve chances of survival success for an organism. » https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=9 XC PK 5 Jy 8 y. A

The Peppered Moth

The Peppered Moths have two colour variations: (I) greyish-white with black flecks (ii) black

- originally black was very rare (approx 2% in 1850) - a black individual was 1 st caught in 1848 in Manchester, England

- 50 years later -->95% of moths were black in Manchester --> in rural areas black moths were still rare

Peppered Moth Study by Bernard Kettlewell

Peppered Moth Study by Bernard Kettlewell 1. Release-Recapture experiments - mark & release moths; recovered more melanic moths in polluted areas, light in clean areas 2. Direct Observation and filming - observed birds eating moths off trees 3. Camouflage - visually ranked effectiveness of moths on different backgrounds 4. Geographic Distribution - more light coloured moths in clean areas; more melanic in polluted area

Release and Capture Experiment non-industrial woods light dark moth 14. 6 % 4. 7 % industrial woods 13 % 27. 5 %

Conclusions of his work! • behaviour & the genetic make up of moths along with environment pressures are important - during day rest on trees where at risk of predation by birds - prior to 1850 light-coloured moths were camouflaged on light coloured lichens on trees (dark were easily seen by birds) - industrial revolution hit England--->pollution killed lichen--->soot blackened trees dark moths now camouflaged

What effects did clean air measure do? 1950’s clean-air legislation enacted---> lichen began to grow back 1959 : 9/10 black 1985: 5/10 black 1989: 3/10 black [2000 -->estimated to be very rare]

What is Natural Selection? The process in which organisms best adapted to their environment tend to survive and transmit their genetic characteristics to future offspring.

Artificial Selection • occurs when people artificially select organisms for particular traits that they want to see in future generations

• some results are: -disease resistant plants -cows that produce more milk -racehorses that run faster -roses with strong scents