Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany Thomas

Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany Thomas Kratzsch Head of Department Basic Forecasts Deutscher Wetterdienst Germany Thomas. Kratzsch@dwd. de Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD 1

Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany Outline è No natural Hazard programme in Germany è National Authorities è DWD-Warning System è DWD - RCC-CM – data collection for climate monitoring Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD 2

Natural Hazards and Disaster Prevention in Germany No natural Hazard programme in Germany - Responsible for disaster prevention the federal states are! There are National Authorities and Organisations for disaster prevention and reduction , i. e. BBK (under BMI) DKKV (German Committee for Disaster Reduction) Ministries: BMU (BFS: . . “radiation protection“), BLE, BMVBS (Protection of critical Infrastructures, DWD, BSH, …) Flood forecasting: www. hochwasserzentralen. de ; http: //www. pegelonline. wsv. de Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD 3

The German civil protection system Acts of war / emergencies of national significance / disaster assistance for states National Planning, coordination, crisis management States BBK Local / regional major disasters and emergencies Operative management Common emergencies / emergency & fire services, techn. assistance Local authorities (municipalities, cities, etc. ) Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Flood forecasting in Germany: www. hochwasserzentralen. de Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

BBK- The challenges An introduction to the Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assitance Source: BBK www. BBK. bund. de Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

The German perspective Der Bevölkerungsschutz beschreibt als Oberbegriff alle Aufgaben und Maßnahmen der Kommunen und der Länder im Katastrophenschutz sowie des Bundes im Zivilschutz. “Bevölkerungsschutz” as a generic noun describes all tasks and actions of the municipalities and states in the area of emergency/disaster management („Katastrophenschutz“) as well as those of the national level in the area of civil protection („Zivilschutz“). Civil Protection thus encompasses all non-police and non-military measures for the protection of the population and its livelihood against disasters and other major emergencies as well as the consequences of war and armed conflicts. Civil Protection includes measures aimed at preventing such incidents, limiting their effects, and responding effectively to major incidents. BBK Glossary, 2011 Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

The strategy New Strategy for the Protection of the Population 2002 Starting point Changed climate of risk and more comples risk management Shortfalls in emergency preparedness and response Basic approach of the new strategy Civil protection as common, joint task • • Strategic planning Risk analysis Objective (protection goal) Cooperation, information, communication Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

The responsibilities ZSKG 2009, law on civil protection and disaster management Civil protection • • • Organisation and development of self-protection Information of the population Warning of the population Protective buildings Right of residence Protection of health Protection of cultural assets Development of a curriculum for civil protection Support of national/federal authorities in common planning of civil defence Civil protection and disaster assitance • • Technical-scientific research and publication Control of equipment and agents, certification, standardisation, quality assurance Emergency management – support of the states, if needed through the THW Training of managers and decision makers in emergency management in relation to their responsibilities in the area of civil protection • Support of municipalities and lokal authorities in fullfilling their obligations in the area of self protection Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

The division of labour Protection of cultural assets Flooding Supporting CI protection CBRN protection Forest fires Road traffic accidents Self protection Terrorist attacks Local industrial accidents Storm Civil Protection Emergency management Disaster assistance National States Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

The German civil protection system Acts of war / emergencies of national significance / disaster assistance for states National Planning, coordination, crisis management States BBK Local / regional major disasters and emergencies Operative management Common emergencies / emergency & fire services, techn. assistance Local authorities (municipalities, cities, etc. ) Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

The BBK mission & tasks • Implementation and coordination of national responsibilities in civil protection • Support of the national level and the states in emergency crisis management • Point of reference for the civil service, other organisations and the population • Developing principle guidance, support, advice, connect, coordinate, train Training Supporting volunteerism Protection of cultural assets Promoting selfprotection CBRN protection Warning of the population Critical infrastructure protection GMLZ Public health protection Crisis management Technical equipment Risk analysis International Affairs Research & development Emergency water supply Psychological & social crisis management support Risk management Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

de. NISWebsite Open for Denis 1 - open Internet-pl Public Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

BBK organizes and coordinates exercises on disaster management on civil protection every 2 years on a national context: training of collaboration of national – states – local authorities BBK presents a list including natural hazards: „Gefahrenarten in Deutschland“ natural hazards defined at most by severe weather warning criteria of DWD Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Deutsches Komitee Katastrophenvorsorge (DKKV) German Committee for Disaster Reduction Organisation and Activities of the national platform for Disaster Reduction • Founded in 2000, following the German IDNDR Committee • Non Governmental Organisation • Non Profit • Located in Bonn • Members and Advisory Boards Source: DKKV • 4 Employees Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Members of DKKV are: • • • Human Health – Relief Organisations Non Governmental Organisations Institutions of Civil Protection and Scientific Institutions Authorities Networks Objectives of DKKV Anchoring of DRR in Politics, Economics and Administration Awareness raising Reduction of human, social, economical and ecological losses Objectives are in line with IDNDR and IDSR. Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

DKKV - Activities international Operational Government Civil Society Science national Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Activities • Building of national and international Networks • Advisors of Politics • Improvement of Disaster management • Knowledge management • Advisor of Scientists on practical issues • Public Relations • Education Materials • International and European Cooperation Services for DKKV Members Association – Events/ Discussion - Information - Lobbying - Projekts Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

There are no nationwide definitions of Natural Hazards in Germany! but A) Natural Hazards from the perspective of warnings B) Natural Hazards from the perspective of climatology: RCC-CM Networks Global Precipitation Climatology Center Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD 20

Warning Management System of Deutscher Wetterdienst Weather phenomena Warning criteria § same criteria for whole Germany § defined in collaboration with national authorities for disaster management, based on evaluation of climate data § Warnings given for rural destricts, 200 m vertical steps § 4 different warning levels: Warning level Official warning of particularly extreme and severe weather Official severe weather warning Official warning of significant weather Official weather warning No warning Expected weather conditions Colour Extremely dangerous weather conditions Dark red / violet Red Very dangerous weather conditions Dangerous weather conditions Possibility of weather-related risks No weather-related risks Orange/ Ochre Yellow Blue Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD Violent gusts Hurricane-force gusts Extreme hurricane-force gusts Severe thunderstorm Intense heavy rainfall Extremely intense heavy rainfall Strong continuous rain Extremely strong continuous rain Heavy snowfall Extremely heavy snowfall Heavy snowdrifts Black ice Heavy thaw Wind gusts Storm gusts Violent storm gusts Thunderstorm Heavy rainfall Continuous rain Snowfall Snowdrifts Slippery roads Fog Frost Severe frost

Weather Warning Meteorological phenomenon tresholds Name wind ≥ 50 km/h Wind gusts thunderstorm Electric discharge, also related with wind gusts Thunderstorm light snowfall up to 5 cm in 6 hours Snowfall in ca. 10 m above free area in heights over 800 m: individual decision up to 10 cm in 12 hours slickness caused by hoarfrost, snow cover, freezing moisture Slickness frost widespread or continuing temperatures below freezing point; between 01. 04 and 31. 10. each year Frost In heights below 800 m fog widespread visibility below 150 m Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD Fog

Warning of significant weather Meteorological phenomenon tresholds Name wind 65 - 89 km/h Storm gusts 90 - 104 km/h Heavy storm gusts thunderstorm related with storm gusts, heavy rain or hail Thunderstorm heavy rain 15 -25 l/m 2 in 1 hour 20 -35 l/m 2 in 6 hours Heavy rain continuous rain 25 -40 l/m 2 in 12 hours 30 -50 l/m 2 in 24 hours. 40 -60 l/m 2 in 48 hours. Continuous rain Snowfall 5 -10 cm in 6 hours 10 -15 cm in 12 hours over 800 m: up to 30 cm in 12 hours. snowfall fresh snow or snow cover 5 -10 cm and wind gusts (39 km/h bis 65 km/h) snowdrifts slickness temporary or local, caused by freezing rain or drizzel, also freezing moisture with considerable traffic disturbance slickness frost Widespread or continuing temperature ≤ -10 ° C, Severe frost in ca. 10 m above free area in heights over 800 m: individual decision Snowdrift in heights over 800 m: individual decision In heights below 800 m thaw snow cover, raising temperature and rain cause water cumulative flows: 25 - 40 l/m² in 12 hours 30 - 50 l/m² in 24 hours 40 - 60 l/m² in 48 hours Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD thaw

Warning of severe weather and particulary extreme and severe weather (I) Meteorological phenomenon tresholds Name wind 105 - 119 km/h Violent gusts ab 120 km/h Hurricane-force gusts widespread more than 140 km/h Extreme Hurricaneforce gusts It is enough when only one of the attendent weather phenomena reaches the treshold of severe weather. hail with a diameter > 1, 5 cm Severe thunderstorm 25 - 40 l/m 2 in 1 hour 35 - 60 l/m 2 in 6 hours Intense heavy rain >40 l/m 2 in 1 hours >60 l/m 2 in 6 hours Extremely intense heavy rain >40 l/m 2 in 12 hours >50 l/m 2 in 24 hours >60 l/m 2 in 48 hours Strong continuous rain widespread >70 l/m 2 in 12 hours >80 l/m 2 in 24 hours >90 l/m 2 in 48 hours Extremely strong continuous rain in ca. 10 m above free area very strong convective incident Thunderstorm with hail, intense heavy rain, violent or hurricane-force gusts or local tornados intense heavy rain strong continuous rain Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Warning of severe weather and particulary extreme and severe weather (II) Meteorological phenomenon tresholds Name snowfall >10 cm in 6 hours >15 cm in 12 hours in heights over 800 m: >30 cm in 12 hours Heavy snowfall widespread >25 cm in 12 hours in heights over 800 m: >50 cm in 12 hours Extremely heavy snowfall fresh snow or snow cover 10 bis 25 cm and storm gusts or more (> 65 km/h) Heavy snowdrifts fresh snow or snow cover> 25 cm and storm gusts or more (ab 65 km/h) Extremely heavy snowdrifts black ice widespread black ice Black ice thaw snow cover, raising temperature and rain cause water cumulative flows: > 40 l/m² in 12 hours > 50 l/m² in 24 hours > 60 l/m² in 48 hours Heavy thaw in heights over 800 m: individual decision snowdrift in heights over 800 m: individual decision Further information at www. dwd. de and www. wettergefahren. de Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Heat warnings (heat load) There is no official definition of a heat wave but criteria for heat warnings: Warning for a strong heat load: if Perceived Temperature at 12: 00 UTC reaches or exceeds the threshold for strong heat load on two consecutive days and if the indoor temperature of a standardized building does not drop below a region specific threshold. Threshold for a strong heat load depends on the climate of the past 30 days to account for acclimatization. In most cases it is between 30 and 34°C. Indoor Temperature threshold takes the 8 hour nighttime average of operative indoor temperature into account and is depending on the region between 23°C in northern parts of Germany and higher regions and 25°C in warmer regions. An extreme heat warning is issued if Perceived Temperature at 12: 00 UTC reaches or exceeds 38°C Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Contracts / Agreements DWD has existing contracts with all federal states and DRK, THW, DFw. V on collaboration for disaster prevention and protection Containing met. and warning products and Climatological data and CC prognoses DWD stores met. data (events) for more than 100 years of the own measuring network Presents monthly reports „Monatlicher Witterungsbericht“ Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

ESWD data base There is a data base of severe weather events more than hundred years ago www. essl. org Close collaboration between several European National Meterological Services Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

The climatological view: RCC Network DWD does the coordination for the RCC-Network on RA VI and is leader of the node for climate monitoring (RCC-CM) One task of the node on climate monitoring within RCC is the aspects for CLIMATE WATCH which is suggested by WMO NMHS’s within RA VI need support by detecting critical long-lasting weather periods on weekly or monthly time scale DWD leader of RCC-CM Armstatehydromet, Météo-France, KNMI, HMSS, TSMS are Consortium Members of RCC-CM Meteo. France leader of RCC-LRF Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

RCC Network Product is a Climate Watch Advisory in case of detectable significant weather events. The beneficiaries are the NMHS’s of RA VI. Creating a Hazard database for RA VI with floods, heat waves, cold spells, droughts, wildfire, storms, rainfall, landslides, subjective and objective criteria For strong events which effect several countries a post disaster review will be conducted in the context of RCC-CM. Those documentations are archived on www. dwd. de/rcc-cm Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

RCC Network – Product Examples Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Architecture for Visualisation of Knowledge Data Base for Extreme Weather Events in Europe web application map service attribute table creating reports PDF. js Geo. Ext Open. Layers graphical statistic description WFS (Extreme Event data) WMS (secondary data, background data) Open. Street. Map (external) DWD - infrastructure Geoserver secondary information Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD j. Query. flot. js

Data model of Knowledge Data Base for Extreme Weather Events in Europe Description of Extreme Events Supplymentary information to descripe Extreme Events Related events Spatial information Source description Supplymentary information for source description Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Description of Extreme Weather Events is characterised by event anomalies, indices line-like development (trajectories) has punctiform extensive extreme values characteristics ntry affected cou affected area is nt cachme location pat h Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Webclient to Visualise Knowledge Data Base of Extreme Weather Events in 2012 from different data sources with spatial extension and occurence Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

RCC Network – Product Examples Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD WV 1 – 01/2013

GPCC – Global Precipitation Climatological Center • Acquisition of precipitation data from meteorological and climate observation networks. • Quality-control and assessment of the collected resp. used data, correction of errors • Correction with respect to systematic gauge measuring errors • Calculation of gridded area-mean monthly precipitation for the earth's landsurface • Error assessment for the precipitation totals on the individual gridcell (i. e. sampling error, systematic error component) • Dissemination of the products (gridded data sets(pdf)) • Supervision of and reporting on availability, timeliness and quality of precipitation data (in SYNOP and CLIMAT reports received via GTS) (GCOS and CBS) • Statistical analysis of the temporal and spatial variability of precipitation (VASClim. O) • Assessment of high-latitude precipitation including snow observations (APDA) • Specific case studies Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD

Thank you for your attention ! Thanks to colleagues from DWD, BBK, DKKV Thomas Kratzsch Head of Department Basic Forecasts Deutscher Wetterdienst Frankfurter Str. 135 – 63067 Offenbach Germany Thomas. Kratzsch@dwd. de Tel: +49 (69) 8062 2254 Fax: +49 (69) 8062 2259 Natural Hazards Germany - Kratzsch, DWD