Natural Gas What is Natural Gas A flammable

Natural Gas

What is Natural Gas: - A flammable material made from carbon and hydrogen formed in short chains. A nonrenewable fuel. eg. Methane, Propane How is it made? - Created when plant and animal bodies are exposed to high pressure and temperature for thousands of years

Natural Gas What do we use it for? -Heating (hot water tanks, etc. ) -Cooking -Generate electricity -Vehicle Fuel -Manufacture plastics

Who Extracts it? • (in cubic meter)

Sources of Natural Gas Coal Beds: Layers of rock that contain layers of coal. Coal = carbon fossilized Shale Beds: Trapped in shale rock Methane Clathrates: A solid compound made from a crystal that holds methane inside it.

Processes that make natural gas 1) Biogenic: (Bio = living, Genic = Made) Made from organisms, mainly bacteria and algae. - Sewage, Bogs, Marshes, Composts 2) Thermogenic:

Processes that make natural gas 1) Biogenic: (Bio = living, Genic = Made) Made from organisms, mainly bacteria. - Sewage, Bogs, Marshes, Composts 2) Thermogenic: Made from thousand year old dead animals and plants buried under layers of rocks under high pressure and temperature

Processing Natural Gas Processing: Removal of impurities leaving almost pure methane behind which is sold as natural gas Products that are released during processing: - Butane - Pentanes - Hydrogen sulfides - Carbon dioxide - Water - Helium

Shale Beds and Fracking

Shale: A layers of mud and clay that was hardened over thousands of years. Where many fossils are found Shale Gas: Refers to the gas stuck in the layers of shale

Shale Gas and Hydraulic Fracking Removal of Gas from Shale Naturally: Releasing gas trapped in shale can be released by the natural fracturing of the shale layer. Artificially: Hydraulic Fracturing is used to break the layers of shale and release the gas. Methods commonly used in Canada and the US

Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gas Steps: 1) Locate shale beds 2) Set up a drilling rig 3) Drill to the shale layer

Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gas Steps: 1) Locate shale beds 2) Set up a drilling rig 3) Drill to the shale layer 4) Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale strip 5) Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the length of the hole

Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gas Steps: 1) Locate shale beds 2) Set up a drilling rig 3) Drill to the shale layer 4) Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale strip 5) Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the length of the hole 6) Insert a perforating devise that breaks holes in the end of the pipe

Hydraulic Fracturing: Breaking layers of shale to release the trapped natural gas Steps: 1) Locate shale beds 2) Set up a drilling rig 3) Drill to the shale layer 4) Angle the drill so that it runs down the shale strip 5) Remove the drill and insert a pipe down the length of the hole 6) Insert a perforating devise that breaks holes in the end of the pipe 7) Force a mix of water, sand chemicals into the line and out the holes 8) Water pressure breaks shale and releases trapped gas

How is Natural Gas made by living organisms: Algae Fuel: Algae are used to produce methane, Vegetable oil, Biodiesel, Bioethanol and Biogasoline. Benefits: -Can grow on land no suitable for other uses -Low impact on fresh water supply -Does produce CO 2 but also uses CO 2 to grow algae

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