Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline 101 Terry Boss INGAA

Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline 101 Terry Boss INGAA 202 -216 -5930 www. ingaa. org tboss@ingaa. org

Natural Gas General Other names Marsh gas, Swamp gas Molecular formula CH 4 Appearance Clear Gas, Blue Flame Properties Density and phase 0. 717 kg/m 3, gas Melting point − 182. 5°C (90. 6 K) at 1 atm 25 °C (298 K) at 1. 5 GPa Boiling point − 161. 6°C (111. 55 K) Triple point 90. 7 K, 0. 117 bar Hazards MSDS External MSDS EU classification Highly flammable (F+) NFPA 704 Source : Wikipedia R-phrases R 12 S-phrases S 2, S 9, S 16, S 33 Flash point − 188°C Autoignition temperature 537°C Maximum burning temperature: 2148°C Explosive limits 5– 15%

Pipeline Operation is Well Below Materials Limit of the Pipe Steel Stress UTS YS SMYS MAOP (Class 1) MAOP (Class 4) Pipe begins Pipe to burst Yields Stress P Stress Strain Experience Demonstrates a Two Times Safety Factor Over MAOP

The Natural Gas Industry Marketers Storage Commercial Residential 272, 500 Gas Wells Producers • Majors • Independents Gathering 30 Major Interstate Pipelines Industrial & Utilities Storage 1200 Distributors

Gas Demand Outlook

Load Change in System Load Profile

Typical LDC Hourly Flow vs. Scheduled Nominations Note: days are gas days commencing at 9: 00 am

Model of Gas Transmission Network Courtesy of EEA

Transmission Pipeline Right of Way

Engine Powered by Natural Gas

Natural Gas Compressor

Measurement

Remote Terminal Unit

Typical Unit Control Scheme

Typical Station Control Scheme

2002 to 2006 Incidents by Hour Onshore Mechanical Damage 5 -Year data, 2002 to 2006, Download date 10 -15 -06, 419 Onshore and 155 Offshore Gas Transmission and Gathering Incidents