Native Americans AIM Were European settlers and native

Native Americans AIM: Were European settlers and native Americans destined to clash?

With Aid Cutoff, Kremlin Recalibrates By David M. Herszenehorn; Published: September 22, 2012 The decision to terminate the United States Agency for International Development’s programs marks the end of an extraordinary collaboration between the two cold war enemies, Russia and the United States. …Developing judicial systems and training lawyers and judges, promoting child welfare, job readiness, youth engagement, human rights and democracy, even helping modernize the electric grid. The decision by the Kremlin this month to terminate all the agency’s programs here, amid a swirl of ominous accusations of meddling in Russia’s internal affairs has stunned aid workers, infuriated American diplomats and left many nonprofit groups on the brink of collapse. It also marks the end of an extraordinary collaboration between the two former cold war enemies, one that was unimpeded, at least initially, by the suspicion that often shadows foreign aid, in part because such programs have historically in many places provided cover for intelligence activities. With President Vladimir V. Putin facing the biggest political challenges since his rise to power 12 years ago, including an ongoing series of big street demonstrations in Moscow, the Kremlin has been moving aggressively to clamp down on dissent. When Mr. Putin last winter accused Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton of sending “a signal” to opposition groups in Russia to take to the streets, many American officials dismissed it as election-year rhetoric, aimed at propping up his campaign for president. But the move to cancel long-established foreign aid programs, including many with no connection to politics, suggests that the fear of external influence is a deeper concern, and that an effort by Mr. Putin to recalibrate his relationship with the United States is under way. The Kremlin’s ire seems largely directed at two groups: Golos, the country’s only independent election monitoring organization, which helped expose fraud that favored the governing party in parliamentary elections last December; and Transparency International, an anticorruption group, which for a while seemed to have a good working relationship with former President Dmitri A. Medvedev.

Would you participate in such a religion? Why/why not? How is it different from most modern religions? In this religion, it is believed that God controls the environment. God is in all of us and we are like little Gods who do imperfect things. The better we behave, the better the ultimate God will treat our weather and our environment.

What challenges would such geographic conditions cause?

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USA TODAY

English Expectations in the New World The aims of the Virginia Company would have been more easily attained if the English had been able to put the local Indians to work as the Spaniards had. They tried, but were unsuccessful. The English knew something of the unhappy fate of the native peoples under Spanish rule, and claimed that they would be far more kind and benevolent. Their basic objectives, however, were no less exploitative. They assumed that the natives of North America would hand over their gold and silver, as well as food, and could doubtless be induced to produce more in exchange for the blessings of Christianity. As an anonymous poet of the day put it: The land full rich, the people easilie wonne, Whose gaines shall be the knowledge of our faith And ours such ritches as the country hath.

Right to Land? QUESTION: DID we any wrong to the Indians in buying their Land at a small price? ANSWER: THERE was some part of the Land that was not purchased, neither was there need that it should �it was vacuum domicilium; 9 and so might be possessed by virtue of GOD’s grant to Mankind, Gen. I: 28. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living that moveth upon the earth. The Indians made no use of it, but for Hunting. By GOD’s first Grant Men were to subdue the Earth. When Abraham came into the Land of Canaan, he made use of vacant Land as he pleased: so did Isaac and Jacob. THO’ we gave but a small Price for what we bought, we gave them their demands. We came to their Market and gave them their price, and, indeed, it was worth but little. And had it continued in their hands, it would have been of little value. It is our dwelling on it and our Improvements that have made it to be of worth.

"The First Thanksgiving, " 1621; painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris, depicts America’s early settlers and Native Americans celebrating a bountiful harvest.

Break up into Groups of 4 • Split up the documents C, D, E, F • Each member reads one document. • Create a T-Chart expressing the • Consider how the other side might respond to this document. What is this document NOT saying?

Culture Clash/Differing Perspectives Native American Perspective Europeans are limitless in doing anything to get land profit. Europeans are unappreciative, we helped them when they were vulnerable. Europeans using any excuse possible to invade. We want peace, friendliness, etc. European Perspective Natives are oblivious – in one of the three Indian massacre, the Natives didn’t carry any kind of protection on them in th woods. Native Americans are going against God. Natives are not peaceful. Colonists were killed by Natives.

Document of the Day! Wampanoag/Pilgrim Treaty (1) Read the background and the treaty agreement. (2) Summarize. (3) What do you/your group think that such a treaty shows us?

Expectations There were great differences between the Native Americans and the Europeans who came to the New World. The Natives practiced their own tribal, spiritual religions which were foreign to the Europeans who believed that all people should follow the tenets of Christianity. The Europeans believed that they could Christianize the Natives and, upon learning of this religion, the Native Americans would happily convert.

Tensions Native Americans realized that the Europeans would usurp their lands and resources, immediately straining any hope of a copasetic relationship. The differences between the cultures are evident here, because the Europeans came and took what they believed to be theirs, especially because they considered the Natives to be savages. The Natives, meanwhile, would have been open to cooperation and sharing until they were treated so poorly by the Europeans.

Events • Fighting broke out on numerous occasions between the settlers and the Natives. Most of these fights were small squirmishes that were resolved quickly but there were a few major wars that resulted in massive casualties for one or both sides. Two examples are the Great Indian Massacre and the Pequot War, each of which further damaged the already tenuous relationship between the two groups.

The Pilgrim-Wampanoag peace treaty The Plymouth Pilgrims and the Wampanoag Native Americans made a treaty which included agreements to lay down arms and bring no harm to each other, and even aid where possible. • Why might the Plymouth settlers believe it wise to enter into this agreement? • Do you think that this agreement is enough to prevent conflict between the two groups?

The European View of the Demographic Change Some European settlers thought the heavy mortality among the Indians was a sign that God favored the cause of European settlement. Edward Johnson, an early settler and historian of Puritan New England, expressed this view in “The Wonderful Preparation the Lord Christ by His Providence Wrought for His People’s Abode in this Western World. ” Speaking of the New England Indians before the arrival of the Puritans, he wrote: There befell a great mortality among them; the greatest that ever the memory of father or son took notice of, desolating chiefly those places where the English afterward planted; sweeping away whole families, but chiefly young men and children, destroying the very seeds of increase…Their wigwams lie full of dead corpses…By this means, Christ, whose great and glorious works throughout the earth are all for the benefit of his churches and chosen, they only made room for his people to plant, but had tamed the hearts of these barbarous Indians.