Nations Project Japan basic info Population as of
Nations Project
Japan basic info: Population as of 2017: 126, 045, 211 GDP: $4. 8 Trillion, 0. 5% growth, 0. 6% 5 year compound annual growth. Area: 377 962 km² Unemployment Rate: 3. 3% Average Income: $38 054 per capita Major Export Industries: automobiles, consumer electronics, computers, copper, iron and steel Largest Trade Partners: United States: US$130. 5 billion (20. 2% of total Japanese exports) Current Leader: Prime Minister Shinzō Abe Political Structure: It is a Constitutional Monarchy in which the power of the Emperor is limited. Minimum Wage: The minimum wage of Japan is 823 yen an hour, which is equivalent to about $7. 56 US dollars. Fun Fact: Japan is made up of 6, 852 islands!
Japan: National Security Japan has a couple national interests regarding national security that include things such as: maintaining their own peace and security maintaining and protecting the international order based on universal values - Some of Japan’s strategic approaches include: strengthening and expanding japan’s capabilities roles strengthening the Japan/US alliance Proactive contribution to international peace efforts and stability of the international community by aiding in disaster relief and UN peacekeeping operations Japan’s published military budget in 2015 was about 4. 98 trillion yen (about $42 billion US) which increased by 2. 8% from the previous year In 2013 the National Security Council was created to undertake strategic discussions on a regular basis and as necessary under the Prime Minister. Japan has a more collectivized national security outlook than individualistic. This is evident because of the amount of money they spend on militarism and how they act with values and beliefs as a collective to maintain a national and international order of peace.
Japan: Health Care -Japan has a universal health care system in place and all residents of Japan are required by law to have health insurance coverage. -In 2014, according to the World Health Organization the Japanese government spent 10. 2% of its GDP on health, which is much higher than the OECD average of 8. 9% in 2013. -The average life expectancy of Japanese citizens is 80 years in males and 87 in females, many years above the global average in 2015 which was 71. 4 years. -The Japanese government regulates nearly all aspects of the universal healthcare system and they are required by law to provide an efficient, good quality, well-suited system. -As of 2013, 14% of hospitals are owned by national or local governments. -The Social Security Council is in charge of developing national strategies to deal with quality, safety, cost control, and setting guidelines for determining provider fees. -Undocumented immigrants and visitors are not covered under Japan’s healthcare system. The Japanese government is more collective than individualistic in scope. This is clear because Japan has a universal healthcare system that favours the well-being of the collective instead of a private healthcare system that benefits few people.
Japan: Education -For Japanese nationals, 9 years of education are compulsory (6 elementary and 3 years of junior high) -After completing these 9 years, the student can then choose to continue with 3 more years of highschool and then university or they can end their education then and there. Special schools are available for students that physically/mentally challenged that may have a harder time studying. -Japan makes sure its schools maintain an accountable level of learning by sending in board of education supervisors to evaluate and inspect the schools. Public schools are funded by many levels of government including national and municipal. Japan has recently spent 5. 1% of its GDP in 2011 on education, lower than the OECD average of 6. 1% -Japan’s government has introduced policies to ensure that students are supported. Policies that make sure students are of the same age level, so no students are put into “gifted” classes or skip a grade. This also means struggling students aren’t held back however. Japan’s education system is definitely more collective in scope than individualistic. This is clear because of the student support policy the government has introduced because it favours the collective and not the individual. They care more about a collectivized learning environment than a single student’s ability to succeed on a higher or lower academic level.
Annual Expenditure by Educational Institutions per Student for All Services
Japan: Infrastructure -According to Bloomberg. com the Japanese government will spend 6. 2 trillion yen ($61 billion US) on infrastructure to help increase the number of tourists that enter the country and speed up construction. -The government is trying to increase the amount of tourists entering the country before the 2020 summer olympics that are going to be held there in Tokyo. -Japan’s government has even taken out some loans so they can spend more money on infrastructure for this increased tourism project. -In 2015 Japan spent 20. 4% of its GDP on infrastructure to attempt to boost the economy. Japan has 4 main goals when it comes to infrastructure: -The first is the construction of technology for local needs like local environmental risks. -The second being co-creation focussing on the development of hardware and working with nearby countries to help create business that will design a future. -The third being long term commitment meaning that they aren’t looking for short easy jobs, but jobs that will last and help the economy grow. -The fourth being lifecycle economic efficiency meaning that they want high operation rates and low failure rates. Japan’s infrastructure system is more collectivized than individualized. This is because of how much money the government epnds on infrastructure to further the economy and help it grow.
Australia Basic info Population as of 2017: 23. 9 Million GDP: - $1. 1 Trillion - 2. 5% Growth - 2. 7% 5 -year compound annual growth Area: 7. 692 million km² Average Income: $47 389 per capita Largest Industries: Financial Industry, Healthcare Industry, Industrial and Material Industry, Metals and Mining Industry, Energy and Utilities Industry. Largest Trade Partner: China: US$61. 8 billion (32. 6% of total Australia exports) Current Leader: Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull Political Structure: Representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II. Unemployment Rate: 6. 3% Minimum Wage: $17. 70 per hour or $672. 70 per 38 hour week
Australia: National Security Australia has some current initiatives for their National Security: 1) National Counter-Terrorism Plan: is maintained by the Australia-New Zealand Counter-Terrorism Committee. It’s main focus is to outline the responsibilities, authorities, and the mechanisms to prevent the terrorism that may happen. It’s job is to also manage the consequences if they do occur. 2) Countering violent extremism: This plan is implemented to build resilience within violent extremism in communities. The government is using this is to create and achieve goals such as religious, political and ideological. 3) Cyber Security: This is Australia’s Highest priorities. The government has created 5 crucial strategies to assist this plan. These steps include strengthening cyber defenses, educating students and adults, partnerships, research and development, and global awareness. 4) Data Retention: By having a data retention plan, this will help the government to keep communities safe by providing law enforcements and security agencies with proper tools and rules. - In Australia the Defense budget is roughly around $26 100 000, their external debt is $1 381 000 000, budget for reserves of foreign exchange and gold sits around $55 000 000, and their purchasing power parity is $ 1 100 000 000. - Going beyond military totals percieved strength is the main focus of manpower and the drive to push military. In terms of national security, Australia is more collective this is because of the amounts of government spending towards military services. Australia’s government has created plans in creating a safe environment for their communities.
Australia: Health Care - Medicare is Australia’s universal healthcare insurance system. It is funded by the Australian government and consist of three major components. Medical Services: includes visiting a general practitioner, and other medical practitioners. Prescription Pharmaceuticals: the ability to buy prescription drugs. Hospital Treatment: This is jointly funded by the Australian government and each state government's. Federal Government is responsible for regulation of health products and services. State Governments are responsible for the delivery of of public health services, this includes public hospitals, dental care, etc. Australia also has a private healthcare system, although not many people are with it. They prefer the universal healthcare system provided by the australian government. From the facts given, Australia has more of a collective view towards their health care system. Having a universal healthcare system run by the government and very minimal amounts of private healthcare. Most citizens prefer the universal healthcare system rather than a private system.
Australia: Education - Schooling in Australia is mostly the same with some minor changes from state to state. This means that the education in Australia is run by the government states and territories. - They offer both Public institutions (Government Funded) and Private institutions (Independently funded). - According to - A school year in Australia starts in January and ends in December. There are three main levels of education in australia and these are: - Primary school - Runs for seven or eight years, starting at Kindergarten/Preparatory and can go up until Grades 6 or 7. - Secondary school - Runs for three or four years, from Grades 7 to 10 or in some areas grades 8 to 10. - Senior secondary school - Runs for two years, this includes Grades 11 and 12. - Australia is also one of the few countries in which they have a Tertiary Education. This is divided into two sections, Vocational Education and Training (VET) and Higher education (University)
Public Schooling vs Private Schooling in Australia (By State)
Australia: Infrastructure Australia’s role is to prioritise and progress nationally significant infrastructure. - As of right now, Australia’s budget for future and present infrastructure is $50 billion according to the Australian Government. - By having this budget, this will help to increase economic growth and prosperity, also to increase productivity and create new jobs for citizens. - The Australian infrastructure plan is a procedure to enforce the idea that their infrastructure stays to maintain and enhance the standard living of life, productivity growth, and to ensure that structures are world-class. - If the plan succeeds, this will help citizens in ways such as having it be more affordable and innovative services. Infrastructure plans in some of the states: - New Castle: Goal is to transform New castle into a more urban area. The state will create this by having a new interchange, delivering light rail and by opening city to harbour edge. - Sydney: Creating a Smart Motorway System, this complementary system is used to monitor traffic conditions. Australia’s infrastructure would be considered collective more so individual. Although many decisions focusing on infrastructure is dependent on the individual and their rights and needs, government has the control to go through with decisions. They are the ones with the money and have the power to use it. Usually, government will listen to their individual and give back to them with what they were looking for. This is so they have a better lifestyle and better quality of life.
Project Population in Australia’s Capital Cities
India: Basic info - GDP: $8. 0 trillion - - 7. 3% growth - - 6. 7% 5 -year compound annual growth - - Population as of 2017: 1, 342, 512, 706 - $6, 162 per capita - Area: 3. 287 million km^3 - Political structure: federal unemployment rate: 3. 5 % Largest trade partner: China Average income: $ 5350 Current leader: Pranab Mukherjee Largest industry: retail and wholesale trade, agriculture, real estate Fun fact: india has the second biggest population in the world, India discovered water on the moon
India: National Security - India does not have a formally declared national security strategy - The President of India is the supreme commander of the nation's armed forces; with 1. 325 million active troops, they compose the world's third-largest military - It comprises the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, and the Indian Air Force; auxiliary organisations include the Strategic Forces Command three paramilitary groups: the Assam Rifles, the Special Frontier Force, and the Indian Coast Guard - The official Indian defence budget for 2011 was US$36. 03 billion, or 1. 83% of GDP. - Every year and rising , US$40. 44 billion is budgeted. - India's annual military expenditure in terms of purchasing power stands at US$72. 7 billion - the annual defence budget increased recently by 11. 6% not including funds that reach the military through other branches of government. - India is one the world's largest arms importer; as it for accounted for 10% of funds spent on international
India: Health Care - Healthcare is a growing industry in India and is valued at nearly $40 billion. - nearly 70% of hospitals and 40% of hospital beds are private. - Health insurance is largely private, and the urban poor cannot afford private care. - Most healthcare expenses are paid out of pocket by patients and their families, rather than through insurance - private hospitals in India offer world class quality health care while public institutions are not advised - A 12 th five-year plan aims to increase public spending to 2 per cent of GDP in healthcare - an average of 0. 7 doctors and 1. 1 nurses per 1000 population
India: Education ● ● ● free and compulsory education is provided as a fundamental right to children between the ages of 6 and 14. The ratio of public schools to private schools in India is 7: 5. India's improved education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to its economic development Certain post-secondary technical schools are also private. The private education market in India had a revenue of US$450 million in 2008, but is projected to be a US$40 billion market. ● Corruption in Indian public education system has been eroding the quality of education and has been creating long-term negative consequences for the society. ● In 2008, there was a 27% decline in poverty in India, and this was due to the high increase in primary school attendance and an increase of the literacy in India to three quarters. ● Education is a good investment opportunity for a nation, because it creates long term stimulation for the economy, as educated citizens reimburse a nation by providing jobs. ● The investment of the indian government into education shows a more socialist or left view as they are supporting the collective
India: infrastructure - Budget 2017 -18, economists have listed an infrastructure push along with investment and consumption-led growth as the key priority areas for the government. - India plans to increase spending on infrastructure to help accelerate growth in Asia’s third-largest economy. - India announced record spending of 3. 96 trillion rupees ($59 billion) to build and modernize its railways, airports and roads - india needs Rs 31 trillion (US$ 454. 83 billion) to be spent on infrastructure development over the next five years, with 70 per cent of funds needed for power, roads and urban infrastructure segments. - The Indian power sector itself has an investment potential of US$ 250 billion in the next 4 -5 years, providing immense opportunities in power generation, distribution, transmission and equipment - The Road Transport & Highways Ministry has invested around Rs 3. 17 trillion (US$ 47. 7 billion), while the Shipping Ministry has invested around Rs 80, 000 crores (US$ 12. 0 billion) in the past two and a half years - Modi plans to spend as much as possible on infrastructure to help raise employment rates
Where we want to live? - We would choose to live in Australia because it is the best choice of the 3 countries we chose, based on the 4 areas of the economy we researched. We didn’t choose India because of the poor healthcare system they have when compared to Japan and Australia. The government does not include very much spending in that area. We did not choose Japan because of the collectivized education system and their support system that does not allow many students to skip a grade or be moved into a “gifted” class. They prefer to have a better mainstream education atmosphere than to benefit the individual. - India would be a great place to live if you had enough money to sustain yourself and use the infrastructure to create income for yourself, and you are protected by the military! However it is a terrible place for the poor because as said, health care and education for the most part you are on your own. Although, India is trying to change this ideal. - Australia provides their citizens with a universal healthcare system that allows their citizens to use freely. This is contrasted with India’s healthcare system, where not as much fundings and services are provided. Not only does Australia provide a solid and open education system, allowing citizens to chose which type of institution they wanted to be educated from. They also offer education to international students, by having schools and programs designated for them. In terms of infrastructure, the Australian government takes smart choices and plans out ideas and goals that will help benefit their citizens.
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