Nationalism Unites Germany and Italy GLOBAL 10 2014
Nationalism Unites Germany and Italy GLOBAL 10 2014
Nationalism �A strong feeling of pride in ones country because of a common language, culture and history. �Nationalism will both unite some nations and break apart Empires.
Nationalism Unites Germany
19 th Century Germany
Why not Unify? � Currency Zollverein (TSOHL fer yn): Free trade b/w German states without a tariff, uniform system of weights, measures, & currency. � Common Government and Laws Realpolitik: Artful, shrewd approach to politics that completely disregards individuals & provides for the needs of the state. � Religion shared by all or most people Catholic or Protestant (Bismarck) � A common enemy France & Austria
Otto von Bismarck “Iron Chancellor” � 1862 – King William I of Prussia appointed Otto von Bismarck Prime Minister �Bismarck builds Army into powerful war machine. �“Blood and Iron”- War and violence. �Goal: The use of war to unite the German states under one rule… not Austrian, but Prussian rule!
� “Prussia must build up & preserve her strength for the favorable moment which has already come & gone many times. Her borders under the treaties of Vienna are not favorable to the healthy existence of the state. The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches & majority decisions- that was the great mistake of 1848 & 1849 - but by blood & iron. ” –Otto von Bismarck � “Better pointed bullets than pointed words. ” –Otto von Bismarck � “When a man says he approves of something in principle, it means he hasn't the slightest intention of carrying it out in practice. ” –Otto von Bismarck
Danish War (1864): Austria and Prussia vs. Denmark �Purpose: On the border of b/w Denmark & Germany lie 2 small states…Schleswig & Holstein The 2 states were ruled by Denmark although they were physically in Germany Denmark tried to annex the states… resulting in a war. �Outcome: Denmark did not receive any outside assistance Denmark signs a peace treaty…Prussia receives Schleswig & Austria receives Holstein
7 Weeks War (1866): Prussia vs. Austria �Purpose: Prussia provoked Austria into declaring war on Prussia over the Schleswig & Holstein dispute. �Outcome: Prussia defeated Austria b/c of advanced technology Treaty of Prague: Austria surrenders Holstein to Prussia Several north German states joined the North German Confederation (Prussian dominated)
Franco-Prussian War (1871): Prussia vs. France �Purpose: Bismarck edited (insulted) a telegram that King William sent to a French ambassador. �France declared war on Prussia Southern German states united against France. �Outcome: Prussian army defeated the French. France gave up Alsace & part of Lorraine France had to pay a huge indemnity.
Nationalism Unites Italy
Italian Unification Advantages to Unification Obstacles to Unification �Common Language �Geography: �Common Culture �Common History Mountains and Islands divided Italy divided into 9 separate kingdoms
The Italian States Unite, 1859 -1870
Giuseppe Mazzini “Spirit” § Risorgimento: “resurgence or revival § Nationalistic leader of a secret society called “Young Italy” § Mazzini wanted to transform Italy into an Independent sovereign state. § Austria ruled Lombardy and Venetia and fought off nationalist revolutionary movements. § Tried revolution but it failed.
Count Camillo Di Cavour, “Brain” § Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardina (Italian State). § Cavour united Sardinia by strengthening the army, established banks, factories, railroads and Improved trade. § Cavour freed the Italian states from outside rule by making a secret agreement with France…declared war and defeated Austria…annexed Lombardy.
Guiseppe Garabaldi “Sword” § Recruits an army of 1, 000 volunteer soldiers…Red Shirts §They invaded the island of Sicily and marched northward toward Rome §Garabaldi’s army agreed to Unite Southern areas with the Kindgom of Piedmont. Sardinia §Garabaldi stepped aside and let the King Victor Emmanuel lead the troops…Venetia and Papal States were conquered.
- Slides: 17