Nationalism The Unification of Germany and Italy What

Nationalism The Unification of Germany and Italy

What is Nationalism? Love of a nation & its people, but not necessarily its ruler l Belief in Common Bonds such as: Ethnic ancestry l Languages l Culture l History l Religion l Territory l

Germany In the 1800’s Germany was a region but not a nation l l l 39 states, dominated by Austria and Prussia Austria’s population was ethnically diverse Prussia’s population was German

` Wilhelm I Otto von Bismarck

1864 Prussia allies with Austria Attacks Denmark, gains territory Divides land between Austria and Prussia To Austria Otto von Bismarck

1866 After becoming allies, Prussia provokes war with Austria “Seven Weeks’ war” won by Prussia controls all of Northern Germany

1870 -1 Prussia forces a “national” war against France Napoleon III All of Germany follows Prussia l France is soundly defeated l New name: German Empire with Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm I as its leader l

1860 1871 Results France hands over the border valley of Alsace. Lorraine Balance of Power in Europe is destroyed in favor of Prussia A Strong German nation that could threaten Russia or France

Italy Once the center of Roman Empire Since then divided into small states, ruled by princes (called principalities) By 1800’s real power in Europe was Austria l But Italy possessed all requirements of a strong nation and nationalism Old Roman Empire

Unification Camillo di Cavour 1858 Sardinia, strongest of the Italian States l Constitutional Monarchy Wants unity for personal power Allies with France against Austria Gains lands in the North Victor Emmanuel

1860—Giuseppe Garibaldi “Red Shirts”, loyal 1, 000 volunteers Nationalists l Captures Sicily and marches north towards Rome l What is his pic. doing here? Met by King of Sardinia and his army l agrees to give Southern Italy to King l

The Final Pieces 1866 Austria losses war with Prussia With Austria distracted Italy attacks gains Venice 1870 France loses war with Prussia Italy captures Rome, unites all of Italy (Vatican City is given to Pope)

Results Italy is ruled by constitutional king Divided by regions, industrial north vs. agricultural south Internal problems: politics, strikes, peasant revolts United but a WEAK nation

1871 1860

Germany • Leaders— l. William I, Otto von Bismarck • Franco- Prussian War • Seven Weeks’ War • Resulting government: German empire • Austria left out of the confederation • Resistance by liberals • Catholic— Both • Leaders— laristocrats • Many separate states united by spirit of nationalism • One state led unification • At start, some territories and states held by foreign powers Italy • Leaders— l. Cavour, Garibaldi, Victor Emanuel II • War with Austria • Resulting government: United Kingdom • Treaty left Pope in control of Vatican City • Cultural divisions remain between industrial north and agricultural south

On the back of your paper, write down these important dates and events! 185818601861186418661870 - Italy wants land to unite, allies with Prussia Nationalists rise up in Italy Prussia unites Prussia allies with Austria Prussia starts war with France German Empire begins Italy captures Rome and unites all of Italy