Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia Chapter 14

Indian Nationalism Grows l Many upper class Indians learned European views of nationalism and

Indian Nationalism Grows (cont’d) l Until WWI most Indians had little interest in Nationalism.

Indian Nationalism Grows (cont’d) l To protest the act around 10 k Hindus and

Gandhi’s Principles of Nonviolence l Gandhi, leader of the independence movement in India. l

Gandhi’s Principles of Nonviolence (cont’d) l His teaching blended all major world religions. l

Gandhi’s Principles of Nonviolence (cont’d) l Gandhi launched his campaign of civil disobedience to

Great Britain Grants India Self - Rule l Finally in 1935 the British Parliament

Nationalism Spreads to Southwest Asia l Just like India the people of Southwest Asia

Nationalism Spreads to Southwest Asia (cont’d) l Freed countries of the region: l 1)

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Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia Chapter 14 / Section 4

Indian Nationalism Grows l Many upper class Indians learned European views of nationalism and democracy from the British. l Led to formation of two groups to rid of foreign rule in India. l 1) Indian National Congress (1885) l 2) Muslim League (1906)

Indian Nationalism Grows (cont’d) l Until WWI most Indians had little interest in Nationalism. l Because when war starts Indians are promised reforms for selfgovernment; but come back after war still second class citizens. l In 1919 the Rowlatt Act allowed the government to jail protestors.

Indian Nationalism Grows (cont’d) l To protest the act around 10 k Hindus and Muslims flocked to Amritsar. l British troops kill 400 Indians and wounded 1, 200.

Gandhi’s Principles of Nonviolence l Gandhi, leader of the independence movement in India. l Was called the Mahatma meaning “Great Soul. ”

Gandhi’s Principles of Nonviolence (cont’d) l His teaching blended all major world religions. l He developed civil disobedience, the deliberate and public refusal to obey unjust law. l In 1920, Gandhi’s influence led to the Congress Party to endorse civil disobedience and nonviolence to achieve independence.

Gandhi’s Principles of Nonviolence (cont’d) l Gandhi launched his campaign of civil disobedience to weaken British authority and economic power. l In 1930, Gandhi organized a demonstration to defy Salt Acts. l Indians marched to sea to defy tax. l Led to Gandhi and others arrested.

Great Britain Grants India Self - Rule l Finally in 1935 the British Parliament passed the Government of India Act, allowing selfgovernment in India. l Now the fight was Muslim vs. Hindu for control.

Nationalism Spreads to Southwest Asia l Just like India the people of Southwest Asia wanted rights to after World War I. l Economy of the region also started to take off. Due mostly to oil resources found in the region. l (Ex: Saudi Arabia, Iran, etc. ) l Changed economies of the region.

Nationalism Spreads to Southwest Asia (cont’d) l Freed countries of the region: l 1) Turkey from the Ottoman Empire. Led by Mustafa Kemal who overthrows the Ottomans. l 2) Persia becomes Iran free of Russian and British rule. l 3) Saudi Arabia in 1932 becomes a country and keeps Islamic traditions.