Nationalism in Africa and the Middle East Chapter

Nationalism in Africa and the Middle East Chapter 12 Section 2

Africa n Which imperialistic countries colonized Africa? n Discuss with your neighbor

Africans Resist Colonial Rule Cons n Colonization led to n exploitation of lands n Forced labor n High taxes n African soldiers for colonial leaders hoping for returns n WWI Pros n Western-educated Africans demanded change n Wilson’s call for selfdetermination inspired Africans

South Africa n n 1910 -1940: Whites strengthened rule with extreme racism n Ensured white supremacy n In one S. A. providence where educated/landowning blacks were able to vote, lost the vote in 1936 1948: Apartheid, or policy of rigid segregation became law n Nationalism helped Africans, but could not resist government

Nationalism and an Africa for Africans n 1920 s: Pan-Africanism, or an emphasis in the unity of Africans worldwide n Marcus Garvey (Jamaica ) “Africa for Africans” n W. E. B. Du. Bois First Pan -African Congress 1919 n Negritude movement n Writers expressed pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule

The End of the Ottoman Empire n Asia Minor, or the Turkish Peninsula between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea n Ottomans gave up some land to Greece n Turkish nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal, overthrew Ottoman Sultan and defeated Greeks n TURKEY A REPUBLIC

The End of the Ottoman Empire

Arab Nationalism in the Middle East n OIL began to be exploited at this time for the Industrial Revolution n Pan-Arabism, nationalist movement of Arabs in the Middle East n Arabs outraged at the Paris Peace Conference n n n Arabs helped Allies during WWI and were told they’d receive their lands back Lands were divided by the West Turmoil happened when Britain gave portion of Palestine to Jordan n Zionists and Arabs increasingly clashed

Promises in Palestine n Since Roman times, Jews wanted to return to Judea, or Israel n 1897: Theodor Herzl Zionist Movement n n Jews to create a state in Palestine WWI Mistake Two conflicting promises n n Arabs their own kingdoms in former Ottoman lands including Palestine 1917: Balfour Declaration advocated set up of Jewish nation in Palestine n “nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine”