Nationalism Around the World INDIA 1885 1939 Mr

Nationalism Around the World (INDIA) 1885 -1939 Mr. Barchetto Notes #2 HONORS

Western-Educated Indians begin their Quest for NATIONALISM. • Indian National “Every Englishman knows they Congress Why does the Indian National Congress not find success • formed in 1885 with the initial are mere in this goal of havinga greater control handful with the “heart” of India? of their own government. and • country, Most of its members were it is the business of Hindu. They were lawyers, doctors, teachers andof them to befool you everyone journalists… • By early 1900’s radicals in into believing that you are weak group called for an end to cooperation with the British and they are strong. You must � Muslim League ◦ created in 1906 to ensure that realize that the future rests Muslim interests would be considered in India’s future. entirely in your own hands”

Gandhi brings Breath of Life into Indian Nationalism � As a young man Gandhi studied law in Britain. ◦ Gandhi first practiced law in South Africa where many Indians worked in mines for British colonial officials. ◦ It is here in South Africa where Gandhi forms his basic principles of his teachings. � On the onset of WWI Gandhi returns to India as a leader of the Indian Nationalist movement � THINK: How does Gandhi connect to the Indian people in a way that the Congress Party cannot?

Turning point in Indian Nationalist Movement… �Outbreak of WWI ◦ Indians put aside differences and help Britain defeat the Germans. �Expectations from the War: � British led Indians to believe that their service would lead to self-government… � IT DID NOT! �Result � of Lies Anti-British terrorism erupt around India �Rowlatt Act ◦ Law gave British government in India the right to jail protestors w/o trial for as long as 2 years. ◦ In response Gandhi calls for days of prayer and fasting � A general strike…result would essentially shut down services throughout India. �Amritsar ◦ Small group of nationalists meet in defiance of the ban on public gatherings.

Goals Received of Nationalist are Message "The Indians were 'packed together so that When: April 13, 1919 forever changed. � Remember 1885 -drive Indian National Congress one bullet would through three or four Where: Amritsar capital city of in a walled park called ◦ Goal: Initially their 'ran goalmadly was. Punjab; winning equal bodies'; the people this way and Jillianbagh for Indians social services. theopportunity other. When fire wasindirected Who: Indian upon nationalists the & celebrators dressed for a Hindu ◦ By the early 1900’s Indians' were calling for Festival (approx. 10, 000) centre, they ran to the sides. The fire was an end to cooperation with Britain What: General threw Dyer and 90 then directed to the sides. Indian Many soldiers opened fire on the ◦ The Amritsar Massacre only unified Indians' crowd killing 400 and wounding themselves down on the ground, and the fire 1200. General Dyer after ten more toward this cause minutes of shooting orders his was then directed on the ground. This was men to leave. Why: Indians wereand meetingit in continued for eight or ten minutes, “Cooperation in any shape or form defiance to thewith new lawthis stating April 13, 1919: Amritsar Massacre no public gatherings. had The flame of nationalism is lit and explodes across stopped only when the ammunition India satanic government is sinful”-Gandhi reached the point of exhaustion". . . Winston General Dyer wanted to send a message to India Churchill

Britain attempts to place a Band-Aid over the Amritsar Massacre In order to soothe tensions the British passed the First Government of India Act, setting up a dual system of administration in which the British governor-general shared power with an Indian Legislature. Gandhi responds with “Soul Force”…eventually arrested. Government of India Act Passed in December 1919

The unity Gandhi help established was all but gone. Gandhi is released from prison in 1924 Understanding the history behind the division between the Hindu and Muslim Indians is important to recognize the difficulty of Indian Nationalism during the 1900’s Read speech made by Jinnah in March of 1940 -found on pg. 990 in right column.

The Push for Indian Independence – New Government of India Act 1935 v New Government of India Act gave India “Home Rule”, but it was to little too late. v. Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru led India’s independence movement. Gandhi & Nehru v. Gandhi organized mass protests against British law using methods of civil disobedience.