NATIONALISM 1815 1848 The Nationalism Movement happened because

NATIONALISM “ 1815 -1848”

The Nationalism Movement happened because: -Scientific Revolution -Enlightenment -Atlantic Revolutions (United States, French, Haiti & Venezuela) -These events lead people to start questioning the “Old” way of thinking - Empires and Monarchies

-Europe before the Nationalist movement (Before 1815) -Power Houses: Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and Ottoman Empire

Types of Nationalism Unification (p. 692) -19 th Century(1800’s) Germany -Otto Von Bismarck -Realpolitik -”Blood and Iron” -19 th Century Italy Separation - Greeks/Ottomans State/Nation Building -The United States

EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS 1815 -1848 3 ways of thinking emerge in Europe after Congress of Vienna Conservatives- wealthy landowners- had influence with kings/queens – Loved the idea of Monarchy Liberals/Moderates- middle class business owners- wanted more power to elected parliament- (only educated landowners should vote) Radicals- WANTED DRASTIC CHANGE- (DEMOCRACY for ALL people)

NATIONALISM SPREADS • Liberals/Moderates and Radicals promoted new idea of: -NATIONALISM-belief that peoples greatest loyalty should NOT be to a KING or EMPIRE but instead to a NATION OF PEOPLE who share common CULTURE and HISTORY -Nationalism can help bring Unity to common peoples or… Disunity (break apart Empires) -Conservatives across Europe hated the new Nationalism Movement Why: -More power to all people -Less power to kings/emperors -New countries started to form

Radicals Lead Revolts Mid 1800 s § Radicals ban together and demand rights/independence --Used Common BONDS § New Nation-States/countries formed: § -Austria-Hungary (2 nations 1 emperor) § -Serbia-1815 -1912 § Balkan Peninsula –was controlled by Ottoman Empire § -Greece-1832 § -Bulgaria-1908 § -Romania -1877

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1700 -1900 *Agricultural Revolution leads world to Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution -Increased output of machine-made goods -Began in Great Britain – WHY? -Lots of Natural Resources: water power and coal to power new machines, iron ore to construct new machines, tools, buildings, rivers for transportation, harbors for ships Great Britain had the 3 factors of production: LAND, LABOR AND CAPITAL (MONEY)

Textiles (clothing industry) Changes-Spinning Jenny and Spinning mule- needed more space= FACTORIES- 1 st ones near water for power. Transportation Changes-Watt’s Steam Engine- leads to Steamboats/Steam railroads -Liverpool to Manchester- 1 st inland city line Urbanization- Movement of people TO cities (leading cause of urbanization was the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION) -Factory system meant more workers needed and more jobs open -No laws in Factories -Working Conditions: Men, Women and Children (cheap labor) work 14 -18 hour days, 6 -7 days a week, one break, dirty dangerous conditions

Cities began to get overcrowded and dirty -Tenements- groups of families living in one apartment -No sanitary codes or building codes- garbage and sewage in the streets. -Life span in the city -17 years --- Rural areas – 38 Middle Class Grows-Factory owners, merchants, gov’t employees, doctors, managers, lawyers, shop owners and bankers grew wealthier -Working Class struggle- Machines replace workers – lead to even worse living conditions

Positive Effects of the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: -Created jobs -Nations became wealthier -Technology -Raised standard of living (middle class) -Raised Education -Better housing (middle class) -Cheaper goods -Gave people hope on improving lives

Reforming the Industrial World Philosophies of Industrialization- Capitalism, Socialism, Communism -LAISSEZ FAIRE- Hands off- Letting owners set their own working conditions - Government stays out. -Adam Smith- Wrote Wealth of Nations- Competition is good, people work for their own good, supply and demand. -Capitalism- Factors of production are PRIVATELY OWNED to make individual profits.

RISE OF SOCIALISM -Government should promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people -Questioned the unregulated capitalist market -Still could own private businesses -Wanted equal division of profits -Co-op farming (8 - hour day… Robert Owen)

SOCIALISM - Factors of production are owned by the public and OPERATE for the welfare of all -Argued that government should plan the economy not depend on a free market. Pg. 737

MARXISM: RADICAL SOCIALISM Communism -Karl Marx- Wrote the COMMUNIST MANIFESTO -Marx says world is divided into 2 classes – the HAVES (Bourgeoisie) and HAVE NOTS (Proletariat) -Haves controlled the means of producing goods and Have nots preformed the labor under terrible conditions- LEADING TO CONFLICT -Large group of Have nots would revolt and take over the capitalist businesses. -Lead to COMMUNISM- a complete form of Socialism where the means of production are controlled by the State (gov’t) - Including- land, mines, factories, railroads and businesses-Private property would NOT exist -Examples – Russia/Lenin- China/Mao Zedong. Cuba/Castro Pg 738

Labor Unions and Reforms • • UNIONS- workers join together to get reforms, better working conditions • • 40 hr work week/overtime pay STRIKE- Refusal to work until workers demands are met Reform laws passed – child labor laws, minimum wage, Mines Act Abolition of Slavery and Women’s Suffrage (right to vote) and education Weekend Insurance Vacation EEOC OSHA Worker’s Compensation Social security

CH 27 IMPERIALISM Due to Industrialization- US, Britain, France and other developed countries compete to colonize undeveloped places around the world. -WHY? ? ? RAW MATERIALS -IMPERIALISM- Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country. -Stronger countries dominate political, economic and social life of the weaker countries. Racism- the belief that one race is superior to others -Many Europeans believed they were better than other peoples.

-Africa- Middle East- Southeast Asia- India all places where Imperialism would take place -INDIA- Known as Britain’s “JEWEL IN THE CROWN” -Raw Materials taken: Copper, Tin, Gold, diamonds, cash crops- cotton/ tobacco -Africa loses food supply- Europe demands only cash crops -In Vietnam- Peasants have no rice due to the FRENCH exporting rice supply back to Europe -Berlin Conference- 1884 -1885 - Europe divides Africa into colonies without consulting with African leaders -United States and South American/Western Hemisphere: Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary Pg 777 page 821 Pg 792

Forms of Imperialism- pg 780 -Colony -Protectorate -Sphere of Influence -Economic Imperialism Management Methods Indirect CONTROL vs. Direct CONTROL

CH 28 CHINA & JAPAN CHINA ISOLATES -China self-sufficient = the Chinese had little interest in trading with Europe. -Before Mid -1800’s – China and Japan traded heavily -PRESSURE FROM THE WEST ISOLATIONISM- Cut off from the rest of the world -Europeans want a way into China (trade=money) so they smuggle opium into China

War and Rebellion OPIUM WAR of 1839 - Battles mostly at sea between the British and Chinese -Chinese old wood ships were no match for Britain’s steam powered gun ships. -RESULT- TREATY OF NANJING- The treaty gave Great Britain HONG KONG! Taiping Rebellion-Massive peasant army of 1 million people revolted against the Qing Dynasty in China -Qing imperial troops along with French and British forces help stop the Chinese rebellions -China loses at least 20 million people

Boxer Rebellion -Nationalism emerges in China - Group of Chinese who challenged the Empress and foreign privileges - Rebels took Beijing under siege for several months - **Violent reaction to foreign influence in China - **Defeated by multinational force LEAD TO REFORMS -Empress sent a group to study different governments worldwide -Lead to constitutional monarchy

Europe in China *Sphere of Influence-Foreign nations controlled trade and investment *Open Door Policy- Regions of China where European countries dominated Pg 808

CH 28 SEC 2 Modernization in Japan Western world wants into Japan for – TRADE! Japan eventually opens 2 ports for trade with USA- TREATY OF KANAGAWA MEIJI Era- means “ENLIGHTENED 1867 -1912 Modernizes Japan –Used western world for influence -Germany- Central Government -US- Public Schools -Great Britain- Navy

Japanese Imperialism • Japan becomes INDUSTRIALIZED- Railroads, cities increase • RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR- • Japan has conflict with CHINA- (Manchuria and Korea) • Japan vs. Russia - fighting over Manchuria (Eastern China) • Japan annexed Korea (brought under Japanese control)

SUMMARY of UNIT 1 Revolution Nationalism Imperialism… Next? ? ?

MICHIGAN BENCHMARKS 6. 1. 1 6. 1. 2 6. 1. 3 6. 1. 4 6. 1. 5 6. 2. 1 6. 2. 2 6. 2. 3 6. 2. 4 6. 3. 1 6. 3. 2 6. 3. 3