National Socialist German Workers Party Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei

National Socialist German Workers Party Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, n commonly called NSDAP or n the Nazi Party n

Racism n Adherents of the Nazi ideology held that the Aryan race were superior to other races, and they promoted Germanic racial supremacy and a strong, centrally governed state.

Adolf Hitler n The most prominent Nazi was Adolf Hitler, who ruled Nazi Germany from January 30, 1933, until his suicide on April 30, 1945.

Militarism n Under Hitler, ethnic nationalism and racism were joined together through an ideology of militarism to serve his goals.

Neo Nazi’s n Nazism has been outlawed in modern Germany (including all types of its propaganda), yet small remnants and revivalists, known as "Neo-Nazis", continue to operate in Germany and abroad.

Fascism n The term Fascism is often used in a very broad sense, to refer to a variety of authoritarian nationalist political movements that exist or existed in many countries. As such, Nazism is usually classified as a particular version of Fascism.

German Fascism n Since World War II, in which Nazi Germany was allied with Fascis Italy, there has been a widely held view among historians and the general population that Nazism and Fascism are closely related.

Mein Kampf n In Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Hitler developed his political theories. Hitler outlined his views based on a racial, religious, and cultural hierarchy, placing "Aryans" at the top as the superior race, and Jews, Gypsies, and Slavic people at the bottom

n His political policies emerged after closely examining and questioning the policies of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Hitler was born as a citizen of the Empire, and believed that ethnic and linguistic diversity had weakened it.

n Further, he saw democracy as a destabilizing force because it placed power in the hands of ethnic minorities who, he claimed, "weakened and destabilized" the Empire by dividing it against itself. These ideologies emerged at a critical time for Germany, having just lost the first world war and then entering a period of great economic depression.

n Hitler drew parallels between Lebensraum and the American ethnic cleansing and relocation policies towards the Native Americans, which he saw as key to the success of the U. S.

Trail of Tears n Hitler had always admired the Americans for their treatment of the Native Americans, and considered America to be a shining example of what Germany's ambitions should be.

Lebensraum n Hitler often compared his Lebensraum policies to the Manifest Destiny policy of the United States, in which the ultimate destiny of the American people was to expand west and defeat the Indians.

Manifest Destiny n Manifest Destiny is a phrase that expressed the belief that the United States had a divinely inspired mission to expand, spreading its form of democracy and freedom.

n Advocates of Manifest Destiny believed that expansion was not only good, but that it was obvious ("manifest") and inevitable ("destiny").

n Originally a political catch phrase of the 19 th century, Manifest Destiny eventually became a standard historical term, often used as a synonym for the territorial expansion of the United States across North America towards the Pacific Ocean.

Early Hitler Actions As a Corporal in the German army, Adolf Hitler was ordered in September 1919 to investigate a small group in Munich known as the German Workers' Party. n The use of the term 'workers' attracted the attention of the German Army which was now involved in crushing Marxist uprisings. n

German Workers Party n On September 12, dressed in civilian clothes, Hitler went to a meeting of the German Workers' Party in the back room of a Munich beer hall, with about twenty five people

Worker’s Party begins to grow n In his speeches Hitler railed against the Treaty of Versailles and delivered anti. Semitic tirades, blaming the Jews for Germany's problems. Attendance slowly increased, numbering in the hundreds

NAZI Party Platform n He proceeded to outline the Twenty Five Points of the German Workers' Party, its political platform, which included;

NAZI Party Platform the union of all Germans in a greater German Reich n rejection of the Treaty of Versailles n the demand for additional territories for the German people (Lebensraum) n citizenship determined by race with no Jew to be considered a German n

NAZI Party Platform all income not earned by work to be confiscated n a thorough reconstruction of the national education system n religious freedom except for religions which endanger the German race n a strong central government for the execution of effective legislation. n

Hitler becomes leader of the NAZI Party n July 29, 1921, Adolf Hitler was introduced as Führer of the Nazi Party, marking the first time that title was publicly used to address him.

War Reparations In April of 1921, the victorious European Allies of World War One, notably France and England, presented a bill to Germany demanding payment for damages caused in the war which Germany had started. n This bill (33 billion dollars) for war reparations had the immediate effect of causing ruinous inflation in Germany. n

Runaway Inflation n n The German currency, the mark, slipped drastically in value. It had been four marks to the U. S. dollar until the war reparations were announced. Within a year, it was 1, 000 marks to purchase a U. S. dollar.

Fall out from Versailles Germans lost their life savings. Salaries were paid in worthless money. Groceries cost billions. Hunger riots broke out. n In September of 1923, the German government made the fateful decision to resume making payments. Bitter resentment and unrest swelled among the people, inciting extremist political groups to action and quickly bringing Germany to the brink of chaos. n

NAZI attempt to capture Munich n Around 11 a. m. on the morning of November 9, a column of three thousand Nazis, led by Hitler, Göring and Ludendorff marched toward the center of Munich. Carrying one of the flags was a young party member named Heinrich Himmler.

Hitler sentenced to prison n On April 1, 1924, Hitler was taken to the old fortress at Landsberg and given a spacious private cell with a fine view.

Hitler released after 9 months. n Shortly before Christmas 1924, Hitler is released from prison. He decides to abandon thoughts of armed rebellion and commits to getting the NAZI party elected democratically.

Wall Street Crashes n n On October 29, the Wall Street stock market crashed with disastrous worldwide effects. First in America, then the rest of the world, companies went bankrupt, banks failed and people instantly lost their life savings. Unemployment soon soared and poverty and starvation became real possibilities for everyone.

Adolf Hitler and the Nazis waged a modern whirlwind campaign in 1930 unlike anything ever seen in Germany. n Hitler traveled the country delivering dozens of major speeches, attending meetings, shaking hands, signing autographs, posing for pictures, and even kissing babies. n

On election day September 14, 1930, the Nazis received 6, 371, 000 votes, over eighteen percent of the total, and were thus entitled to 107 seats in the German Reichstag. n It was a stunning victory for Hitler. n Overnight, the Nazi party went from the smallest to the second largest party in Germany. n

Hitler for President

Nuremberg Race Laws March 16 - Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles by introducing military conscription. n Sept 15 Hitler introduces the Nuremberg Race Laws n

The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 n The Nuremberg Race Laws of 1935 deprived German Jews of their rights of citizenship, giving them the status of "subjects" in Hitler's Reich. The laws also made it forbidden for Jews to marry or have sexual relations with Aryans or to employ young Aryan women as household help.

Hitler ignores Treaty Germany withdraws from the league of nations n Hitler begins to implement plans to take over the world n Introduced conscription to build up the army n This was in violation of the Treaty of Versailles n

Hitler’s Vital Space n n n 1. 2. 3. 4. Territory needed to restore Germany’s pride. Hitler wanted to repair the mistakes of the Treaty of Versailles Four territories were targeted for expansion Rhineland Austria Czechoslovakia Poland

n Occupied the Rhineland

Rhineland n n n Formally known as Alsace-Lorraie Disputed land between Germany and France Germany occupied it in March of 1936 in defiance of the Treaty of Versailles

Austria Formally Austria-Hungary, German speaking country n Hitler promised not to attack it n Forced takeover was called “anschluss” n Not strong enough to oppose Germany n German troops took it over in March 1938 n

Czechoslovakia Formerly part of Austria-Hungary n Important for Hitler’s expansion to the East n Non-aryan people n German troops occupied it in March of 1939 n

Sudentenland n n n The Sudetenland was part of Germany until 1806 and of the German Confederation between 1815 and 1866. After the First World War the Sudetenland (some 11, 000 square miles) became part of Czechoslovakia Hitler wanted this area for his empire Rich in resources/easy to defend France and Russia agreed to protect Czech from Germany

Munich Conference Benito Mussolini suggested to Hitler that one way of solving this issue was to hold a four-power conference of Germany, Britain, France and Italy. n This would exclude both Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union, and therefore increasing the possibility of reaching an agreement and undermine the solidarity that was developing against Germany. n

Munich Conference On 29 th September, 1938, Adolf Hitler, Neville Chamberlain, Edouard Daladier and Benito Mussolini signed the Munich Agreement which transferred the Sudetenland to Germany. n In return, Hitler promised not to make any further territorial demands in Europe. n This is known as ‘appeasement’ (to buy off (an aggressor) by concessions usually at the sacrifice of principles ) n

n The German Army marched into the Sudetenland on 1 st October, 1938. As this area contained nearly all Czechoslovakia's mountain fortifications, she was no longer able to defend herself against further aggression

Anschluss German: “connection, or political union” n also known as the Anschluss Österreichs, was the 1938 "inclusion" of Austria into "Greater Germany" by the Nazi regime. n

Germany Invades Austria On the morning of 12 March, the 8 th Army of the German Wehrmacht crossed the German-Austrian border. n They did not face resistance by the Austrian Army — on the contrary, the German troops were greeted by cheering Austrians. n

German Troops Occupy Austria

Germany Invades Poland

World War II Begins n Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September but otherwise dishonored their treaties with Poland by failing to provide Poland with military assistance.

n The Germans slashed through the Polish defenses, reaching Warsaw on 9 September

n In accordance with the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Red Army invaded Poland on 17 September, surrounding the Polish Army by the combined German and Soviet forces

Germany and Soviet Union Partition Poland

The last operational unit of the Polish Army capitulated on 6 October. n The Polish government never surrendered, and together with many of its remaining land air forces evacuated to neighbouring Romania and Hungary. n

n The majority of these troops later joined new Polish units in France and the United Kingdom where they went on to fight the Axis powers throughout the war.

World War II Begins Canada officially entered the Second World War on September 10, 1939, and continued at war for nearly six years. n The struggle involved virtually the whole country and made enormous demands on the Canadian people, whether they were involved in the actual fighting or remained on the home front to work in industry or farming to support the war effort. n

September 3, 1939: the passenger liner Athenia is torpedoed, killing the first Canadian of the war, stewardess Hannah Baird of Quebec. n This attack is interpreted by the United Kingdom as the start of unrestricted submarine warfare. However, in Germany it leads to stricter controls being issued by the Kriegsmarine. n

n September 10, 1939: Canada declares war on Germany - the first and only time Canada has declared war on another country on its own.

n September 14, 1939: The Prime Minister, William Lyon Mac. Kenzie King, declares that Canada should be the arsenal of the Allies and pledges not to institute conscription.

n September 16, 1939: the first Canadian convoy of merchant ships sails for Britain.

Battle of Britain

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of the Atlantic n The Second Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign of World War II, running from 1939 right through to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945.

Corvette in the Atlantic

Nuremberg Trials n After the war, many prominent Nazis were convicted of war crimes and crimes against humanity at the Nuremberg Trials, where 21 were executed.

Famous Nazi’s n A few scattered people, mostly not from Germany, converted to Nazism during or after World War II and contributed to further development of the ideology, especially in a spiritual or esoteric direction: Sean Russell, Savitri Devi of India, Miguel Serrano of Chile, George Lincoln Rockwell of the United States.