NATIONAL SECURITY CONCEPT and DIMENSIONS Vijendra Singh D

NATIONAL SECURITY : CONCEPT and DIMENSIONS Vijendra Singh (D. Phil. ) Assistant Professor & Head in Defence and Strategic Studies, Sakaldiha P. G. College, Sakaldiha Chandauli, U. P.

�The concept of ‘national security’ was introduced by ‘Walter Lippmann’ in his book ‘U. S. Foreign Policy: Shield of the Republic’ published in 1943. �The concept was officially accepted in the 1947 National Security Act which laid the basis for the establishment of the U. S. National Security Council. 10/25/2021 2

1. 1 National Security in terms of Power & Peace Realist school – Power - E. H. Car, Hans J. Morgenthau, George Kennan, Kenneth Waltz Instrument- Armed Forces, Diplomatic Service, Intelligence [Security is a by product of power. ] Idealist school – Peace – Woodrow Wilson, Alfred Zimmern, Philip Noel-Baker, Pitman Potter Instrument- Dialogues, Disarmament & arms control, Cooperation & Treaties 10/25/2021 [Security is the result of peace. ] 3

1. 2 Concept of National Security Walter Lippmann – protection of core values (political freedom & territorial integrity ) 10/25/2021 4

�Arnold Wolfers – 10/25/2021 5

Barry Buzan (1983)“National security encompasses the three levels of the security problems- the individual, the state and the international system”. 10/25/2021 6

�Krishnaswamy Subrahmanyam (19 January 1929 – 2 February 2011)- 10/25/2021 7

�Security is a physical condition or situation where all living being have full opportunity to concentrate on how to develop their inherent potential in their desired fashion in most fruitful manner without resistance. (ok. Lro esa lqj{kk , d Hkk. Sfrd f. LFkfr g. S tgk. W iz. R; sd thfor izk. kh dks viuh {kerkvksa esa viuh b. PNkuqlkj c`f) djus dh Lora+=rk gks vk. Sj tgk. W u dsoy fgalk dh vuqif. LFkfr , oa , d larks’ktud okrkoj. k gh u gks cf. Yd ogk. W C; f. Dr r. Fkk lekt dh le. Lr vko”; drkvksa dk l. Eeku l. EHko gks. A ) �National security is a continuous process. 10/25/2021 8

Then, what is national security? �To maintain national integrity & sovereignty. �To maintain a justified political and constitutional system in the country. �To maintain a strong economic system and to develop the country scientifically & technologically. �To develop a satisfied society depending on social justice, having equal distribution of resources. �To develop a strong and efficient disaster management system. �To develop the national values like non-violence, disarmament, world government etc. 10/25/2021 9

2. 0 Threats to National Security TRADITIONAL NON TRADITIONAL POLITICAL FREEDOM POLITICAL INSTABILITY TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY PROBLEM OF ECONOMIC SECURITY PROBLEM OF ENERGY SECURITY FORCED MIGRATION PROBLEM OF HUMAN RIGHTS ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS 10/25/2021 SOCIAL, RELIGIOUS & CULTURAL INSECURITY 10

3. 0 DIMENSIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY MILITARY SECURITY POLITICAL SECURITY ECONOMIC SECURITY SOCIAL & CULTURAL SECURITY TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY POLITICAL FREEDOM ECONOMIC & DEELOPMENT SOCIAL JUSTICE SURVIVAL OF & HUMAN BEING COHESIVENESS MILITARY POWER, INTELLIGENCE & DIALOGUS DIPLOMACY, DIALOGUS & INTELLIGENCE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH PROMOTION OF OUR ANCIENT TRADITIONS, PHILOSOPHY & IDEOLOGY 10/25/2021 ENVIRONMEN TAL SECURITY MUTUAL COOPERATION 11

4. 1 Human Security ¼tu lqj{kk½ � The concept emerged from a post-Cold War, multi-disciplinary understanding of security involving a number of research fields, including development studies, international relations, strategic studies, and human rights. �Dr. Mahbub ul Haq first drew global attention to the concept of human security in the United Nations Development Programme's 1994 Human Development Report and sought to influence the UN's 1995 World Summit on Social Development in Copenhagen. � The United Nations Development Programme's 1994 Human Development is considered a milestone publication in the field of human security, with its argument that insuring "freedom from want" and "freedom from fear" for all persons is the best path to tackle the problem of global insecurity. 10/25/2021 12

4. 2 DIMENSIONS OF HUMAN SECURITY The UNDP's 1994 Human Development Report's definition of human security argues that the scope of global security should be expanded to include threats in seven areasq. Economic security q. Food security q. Health security q. Environmental security q. Personal security q. Community security 10/25/2021 q. Political security 13

4. 3 NATIONAL SECURITY vs. HUMAN SECURITY NATIONAL SECURITY HUMAN SECURITY Security for whom State Individual Security for what Territorial integrity National independence Personal safety Individual freedom Security from what Threats from other states Threats from states NSA Indirect threats 10/25/2021 14

5. 0 INDIAS NATIONAL SECURITY ISSUES � PART- A � India's role in the world strategic arena and world organizations– U. N. O. � India's opinion on W. T. O. , labour & environmental issues � India's credit as a regional power � India and neighboring countries � PART- B � Cross Border Problems - Terrorism, Money Laundering, Drug Trafficking, Refugee Problems � Problems of Insurgency, Naxlite Movement, PSALW � PART- C � Corruption, Low Education, Poverty, Unemployment � Problems of food & water security � Lack of social cohesiveness 10/25/2021 of cultural security 15 � Problem

6. 0 The road ahead MORAL EDUCATION � FREEDOM FROM FEAR & WANT liberty, Equity & Social Justice CORRUPTION POLITICAL STABILITY GOOD GOVERNANCE DEMOCRACY 10/25/2021 16

THANK YOU! 10/25/2021 17