National Science Olympiad 2019 B Division Solar System

National Science Olympiad 2019 B Division Solar System Event Earth’s Moon and Rocky Solar System Bodies

National Solar System Event DESCRIPTION: Students will demonstrate an understanding and knowledge of the geologic characteristics and evolution of the Earth’s moon and other rocky bodies of the solar system.

2019 Solar System Part A Participants must be knowledgeable about the history and geologic processes involved in the formation and evolution of Earth’s moon and other rocky bodies of the solar system.

2019 Solar System Part B Dwarf Planets – Pluto & Charon, Ceres, Haumea, Makemake, Eris Natural Satellites – The Moon, Mimas, Phoebe Asteroid Belt Objects, Trans-Neptunian Objects, & Trojans, Including ‘Oumuamua and (225088) 2007 OR 10)

Dwarf Planets: Pluto, Ceres, Haumea, Makemake, Eris

Pluto: Internal Structure

Pluto: Surface Characteristics

Ceres: Internal Structure

Ceres: Surface Characteristics

Haumea

Makemake

Eris

Natural Satellites

The Moon: Internal Structure

The Moon: Surface Characteristics

Formation and History of the Moon

Saturn’s Moons Mimas and Phoebe

Pluto’s Moon Charon

The Asteroid Belt, TNOs, and Trojans

The Asteroid Belt

The Asteroid Belt C-type M-type S-type

Formation of the Asteroid Belt and Near Earth Asteroids

Trojan Asteroids

Trans-Neptunian Objects

‘Oumuamua

2019 Solar System Part C Participants will be asked to complete one or more hands-on or interpretive tasks selected from the following topics: i. Geologic history & formation of features and objects ii. Remote sensing, imagery, and satellite measurements of features above as well as entire bodies iii. Missions: New Horizons, Dawn, Cassini, Lucy, Voyager 2 iv. Kepler’s laws, Gravitational effects of the Moon, and Tides v. Rotation, libration, phases, and eclipses vi. Surface dating, regolith, volcanism & weathering, cratering & impact processes vii. Internal, surface, and atmospheric composition

Formation of the Solar System

Remote Sensing and Surface Imagery Radar Altimetry Curiosity Rover Chem. Cam Principles of Spectrometer

Major Satellite Missions Lucy Cassini-Huygens New Horizons Voyager 2

Kepler’s 1 st Law The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.

Kepler’s 2 nd Law: “The Law of Equal Areas” A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time.

Kepler’s 3 rd Law: “The Harmonic Law” T 2 ~ a 3 The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit.

The Moon and Tides

Solar Eclipses Total Solar Eclipse Annular Solar Eclipse

Lunar Eclipses The Moon during a Lunar Eclipse is illuminated only by sunlight refracted around the Earth

Phases of Earth’s Moon

Regolith in the Solar System Moon Regolith Venus Regolith Mars Regolith Asteroid Regolith

Cratering in the Solar System

Volcanism and Weathering

Surface Dating and Radioactive Isotopes

2019 Solar System Event Example Exam & Event Resources NASA Planets NASA Asteroids JPL Planetary Geophysics NASA Space Place Eclipses NASA Moon

National Solar System Event Supervisor: Dustin Schroeder - dschroed@gmail. com Rules clarifications: available at www. soinc. org under event information Event Preparation: 1. Read the Event Description for content and allowable resources. 2. Make use of the recommended event resources and websites. 3. Practice early and often!