National Risk Register of Civil Emergencies 5 Highly

National Risk Register of Civil Emergencies 5 Highly likely Will probably occur in most circumstances (e. g. a probability of between 70% and 94%) Impact severity 4 3 Almost certain Is expected to occur in most circumstances (e. g. probability of 95% or more) 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Likelihood of occurrence in the next five years https: //www. gov. uk/government/publications/national-risk-register-of-civil-emergencies-2017 -edition 8

National Risk Register of Civil Emergencies Severe • Severe impact for a large population or at-risk group • Severe disruption to normal activities and services • A large number of additional control measures will be needed and most of these require significant resources to implement • Serious increase in costs for authorities and stakeholders 5 Impact severity 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Likelihood of occurrence in the next five years https: //www. gov. uk/government/publications/national-risk-register-of-civil-emergencies-2017 -edition 9

National Risk Register of Civil Emergencies 5 Impact severity 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Moderate • Moderate impact as a large population or at-risk group is affected • Moderate disruption to normal activities and services • Some additional control measures will be needed and some of these require moderate resources to implement • Moderate increase in costs for authorities and stakeholders Likelihood of occurrence in the next five years https: //www. gov. uk/government/publications/national-risk-register-of-civil-emergencies-2017 -edition 10

National Risk Register of Civil Emergencies Pandemic influenza 5 Emerging infectious disease Impact severity 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 Likelihood of occurrence in the next five years https: //www. gov. uk/government/publications/national-risk-register-of-civil-emergencies-2017 -edition 11

German E. coli O 104: H 4 2011 NDM-1 Enterobacteiaceae 2010 India, Pakistan H 5 N 1 1997, 2003 SARS 2002 H 7 N 9 2013 SARS-Cov-2 2019 Candida auris 1996 Korea 2009 Japan p. H 1 N 1 2009 Zika 2015 MERS Co. V 2012 Emerged or resurged infectious diseases Map of the world showing examples of geographic locales where infectious diseases were noted to have emerged or resurged. (Adapted from Addressing Emerging Infectious Disease Threats: A Prevention Strategy for the United States, Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1994. ) with modification by YC Chen 13

https: //www. cdc. gov/sars/lab/images. html 冠狀病毒 Coronavirus Coronaviru s 年度 通報 人數 死亡 人數 國家/ 地區 SARS Co. V 2002/11/1 ~ 2003/7/31 8, 096 774 (9. 6%) 27 MERS-Co. V 2012/9 ~ 2, 562 881 (34. 4%) 27 125, 884, 551 2, 775, 030 193 SARS Co. V- 2019/12/31~ 2 https: //www. who. int/csr/sars/country/table 2004_04_21/en/ https: //www. who. int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/ https: //sites. google. com/cdc. gov. tw/2019 ncov/global March 27, 2021更新 (2. 20%) 14

Critical factors that determine the effect of an epidemic Transmissibility Severity Preventable Treatable R 0, the basic reproduction number, is a commonly used measure of transmissibilit Case fatality rate: the number of known deaths per 100 confirmed cases Mortality per 100, 000 population 15

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產褥熱與手部衛生 Maternal Mortality due to Postpartum Infection General Hospital, Vienna, Austria 20

不明原因嚴重肺炎 Zhu N, et al. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 727 23

美國針對各國旅遊COVID-19風險評估 https: //www. cdc. gov/coronavirus/2019 -ncov/travelers/map-and-travel-notices. html March 22, 2021 更新 27

全球排名 https: //www. worldometers. info/coronavirus/#countries March 27, 2021更新 The coronavirus COVID-19 is affecting 219 countries and territories. 28

全球排名 No lockdown No school closure A way to save both lives and the economy during the COVID https: //www. worldometers. info/coronavirus/#countries March 27, 2021更新 The coronavirus COVID-19 is affecting 219 countries and territories. 29 境外移入 897/1013 (88%)

897/1013 (88%) https: //sites. google. com/cdc. gov. tw/2019 ncov/taiwan March 14, 2021更新 31

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來源 易感宿主 直接 - 接觸、飛沫，空氣? 間接 - 汙染環境 COVID-19 傳染途徑 Morris DH, et al. N Engl J Med 2020; World Health Organization. Transmission of SARS-Co. V-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. Scientific brief. https: //www. who. int/publications/i/item/modes-of-transmission-of-virus-causing-covid-19 -implications-for-ipc-precaution-recommendations. Update 9 July 2020 Cheng HY, et al. JAMA Intern Med 2020; Liu WD, et al. Prolonged virus shedding even after seroconversion in a patient with COVID-19. J Infect. 2020: S 0163 -4453(20)30190 -0; 34 Harrison AG, et al. Trends Immunol. 2020; 41: 1100

High transmissibility before and after symptom onset 確診個案 症狀前、無症狀 呼吸道衛生 戴口罩 手部衛生 易感宿主 疫苗 傳染途徑 戴口罩 手部衛生 直接 - 接觸、飛沫 新冠肺炎全球大流行 要訣 間接保持健康的 - 汙染環境 Cheng HY, et al. JAMA Intern Med 2020; Wang CJ, et al. JAMA Int Med 2020; 323: 1341; Chiang CH, … Chen YC. The practice of wearing surgical masks during 38 the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 https: //doi. org/10. 3201/eid 2608. 201498; Chu DK, et al. Lancet 2020

咳嗽 打噴嚏 N Engl J Med 2008; 359: e 19; 2016; 375: e 15

Prather KA, et al. Science. 2020; 368: 1422

Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City, Mexico, 26 April 2009; during the swine flu epidemic 42 https: //assets. publishing. service. gov. uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/644968/UK_National_Risk_Register_2017. p df

Don’t touch your face! Warn public officials seconds before toughing their faces https: //www. washingtonpost. com/nation/2020/03/05/coronavirus-officials-touch-faces/ 43

Not all N 95 respirators are created equal 45

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https: //www. cdc. gov. tw/File/Get/Djp. Ek. YQSx. JWLEQRl. NSVV 4 g 1100114版 53