National Geospatial Reference Frameworks to Geocode Official Statistics

National Geospatial Reference Frameworks to Geocode Official Statistics Andreas Busch Working Party Meeting Geographical Information for Statistics 18. -19. 03. 2014

Motivation for Some Basics … Coordinates: Latitude 50° 00'28" Longitude 8° 39'12" Coordinate Reference Systems: • ETRS 89 • DHDN • ED 50 From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 2

Definition Coordinate Reference System (CRS) § ISO 19111 § Datum • defines how the CRS is related to the earth • position of the origin • scale • orientation of coordinate axis § Coordinate System • mathematical part of CRS • Cartesian coordinates • ellipsoidal coordinates • coordinates of a map projection (planar, two-dimensional), e. g. UTM • set of rules, e. g. projection equations From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 3

Coordinate Reference System (CRS) ellipsoidal Lat / Lon / h 3 D-Cartesian X / Y / Z planar, two-dimensional (map projection) x / y N / E From slides of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 4

Ellipsoid Area of Approximation Origin Earth From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 5

Coordinate Reference System in Europe § Historic / classic: • Classic methods: theodolite, astronomy • Confined to the territory of one country mostly • Ellipsoids: Airy 1830 Great Britain Airy Modified Ireland Bessel 1841 Germany Bessel NGO 1948 Norway Clark 1880 IGN France GRS 67 Hungary Hayford 1909 Finland Krassovsky 1940 Romania From slides of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 6

Meridian of Origin § Reference of Longitude 0° / Meridian of Origin Greenwich 0° Ferro 17° 40' west of Greenwich, most western Canary island Oslo 10° 43'22. 5" east of Greenwich Paris 2° 20'14. 025" east of Greenwich Rom 12° 27'08. 400" east of Greenwich Lisboa 8° 07'54. 862" west of Greenwich From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 7

Coordinate Reference System in Europe § At present • Satellite geodesy • Global Navigation Satellite System – GNSS • satellite laser ranging, lunar laser ranging • other geodetic space techniques, e. g. Very Long Baseline Interferometry – VLBI • Continental and global reference systems • Stations for permanent observations / measurements Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 8

ETRS 89 European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 9

ETRS 89 European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 § Ellipsoid: GRS 80 § Meridian of Origin: Greenwich § Coordinate Systems • • • ETRS 89_XYZ ETRS 89_Lat-Lon ETRS 89_UTM<zn> or ETRS 89_TM<zn> zn … zone number ETRS 89_LCC conical Lambert projection(s) ETRS 89_LAEA Lambert azimuthal equal area projection From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 10

Terrestrial Reference Frames ETRF ITRF GREF Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 11

Paramaters of Ellipsoids Name Semi-major axis (m) Flattening factor 1/f Bessel 1841 6377397. 155 299. 1528128 International 1924 (Hayford 1909) 6378388. 297. Krassowski 1940 6378245. 298. 3 GRS 67 6378160. 298. 247167427 WGS 72 6378135. 298. 26 WGS 84 6378137. 298. 257223563 GRS 80 6378137. 298. 257222101 IERS 2010 6378136. 6 298. 25642 From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 12

Helmert Transformation From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 13

Helmert Transformation § 7 parameters • 3 translational displacement / shifting • 3 rotations • 1 scale factor From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 14

Coordinate Reference System in Europe: www. crs-geo. eu From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 15

Coordinate Reference System in Europe: www. crs-geo. eu Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 16

Coordinate Reference System in Europe From slide of Jens Luthardt, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 17

Geo-referencing of Statistical Data § Properties of statistical data utilizable for geo-referencing: • Geographical coordinates (GPS coordinates) usually not collected (? ) • Geographical names (names of settlements, buildings, . . ) generally understandable, but not identical • Addresses • Thematic unique identifiers abstract, unique • . . . § A lot of statistical data is collected based on administrative units • Properties: name and unique identifiers • Most effective geo-referencing: link statistical information to the geographical representations (polygon or centre point) of administrative units by unique identifiers From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 18

Example Germany Statistical data: Geographical data: Statistisches Bundesamt (DESTATIS) Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) Linkage via unique identifier Regionalschlüssel From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 19

Example Europe Statistical data: Geographical data: National Statistical Institutes (NSI) National Mapping and Cadastral Agency (NMCA) Eurostat Euro. Geographics NUTS Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics Euro. Boundary. Map Maintained by Eurostat with names and identifiers Linkage via unique identifiers All European administrative units Managed by BKG From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 20

Challenges of administrative units as base of statistical data § Not stable (but changes are well documented) § Hierarchical structure of administrative units differs between countries (sometimes also within countries) NUTS classification defined by Eurostat to create comparable units § Ongoing process to simplify public administration (merging of units) loss of granularity From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 21

Challenges of statistical grids § Advantages: • • identical size of grid cells hierarchically structured stable … § Needed: geo-referenced point datasets with high spatial accuracy § NMCAs provide for geo-referenced point datasets: • • Address registers Buildings Points of interest … § Change of CRS – change of grid From slide of Marcus Brühl, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 22

New Legal Assignment in Germany § According to § 14 of the E-Government-Law (EGov. G) geocoding has to be done for the following registers from 1 st of January 2015 on: • • all electronic registers with reference to cadastral parcels / real estate built new or revised with data gathered or stored due to legal provisions of the Federal Republic of Germany From slide of Jürgen Walther, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 23

Geo-referenced Buildings and Addresses by Coordinates Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 24

Implementation § Exact geocoding of addresses needs a reference dataset including the following information: • Postal addresses with complete information (see example below) • Coordinates of the building location § The Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy provides a reference dataset for geocoding of addresses which is based on data from the Laender (German federal states) mostly. • Licensed for federal governmental use X, Y From slide of Jürgen Walther, BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 25

Implementation Geocoding application of the BKG Register (start) pseudonymisation address (street, house number, postcode, place) Internet geocoded address incl. coordinates (street, house number, postcode, place, X, Y) Result (geocoded addresses) (end) Geocoding service of BKG Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 26 From slide of Jürgen Walther, BKG

Thank you for your kind attention! Contact: Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy) Section GI 2 – International Affairs Richard-Strauss-Allee 11 60598 Frankfurt Contact person: Dr. -Ing. Andreas Busch, Head of Section GI 2 andreas. busch@bkg. bund. de www. bkg. bund. de Tel. +49 (0) 69 6333 -312 Andreas Busch ׀ Geospatial Reference Frameworks ׀ 18. 03. 2014 ׀ Slide 27