NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY The recent

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY The recent development in Denmark in relation to ammonia regulation Steen Gyldenkærne Dept. of Policy Analysis, Nat. Env. Res. Inst Aarhus University sgy@dmu. dk TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Outline › Background › Previous regulations › What have we achieved so far › › Nex Nitrogen consumption Leaching N in watersheds › Nex data › Comparison with other countries › Future regulations Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY You need a good case! Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Action plans and regulations › 1987 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (I) › Partly voluntary agreement on reduced N input › › › 1998 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (II) › › Ban on broad casting Increased storage capacity, approx. 10 months Increased coverage of manure stores Time slot for incorporation of manure, 6 hours No manure application on “not harvested crops”, i. e. ban on autumn application 2004 Action Plan on the aquatic environment (III) › › › 6% of the agricultural area with catch crops 10% reduced nitrogen norms compared to normal 5% increased utilization rate of N i animal manure 2000 Ammonia action plan › › › Higher utilization of N in animal manure Agreement was 50% reduction in Nitrogen leaching from the root zone Mandatory Nitrogen accounting (farms >10 AU) Increased utilization rate of N in animal manure, >75% 2007 -2011 More information later

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Current regulation › Approval of all farms every 8 years and when changed › Limits › 15 AU › 75 AU › Includes ammonia deposition estimates to natural habitats › Costly › Up to 50. 000 -100. 000 € › Time consuming › Up to 2 -3 years › Turnover rates of animals › 90 % of the pigs are moving to other facilities within 10 years › 90% of the diary cows are moving within 18 years › New approval

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 What have been achieved so far: I Nitrogen input Nitrogen output Source: Winther, F. and P. Olesen, http: //web. agrsci. dk/djfpublikation/index. asp? action=show&id=1112 NOVANA data by Jørgen Windolf, NERI

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne What have been achieved so far: II Nitrogen surplus Nitrogen utilization rate TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne What have been achieved so far: III Ammonia, overall reduction Total: - 34% Dairy cattle: - 49% Pigs: - 38% Ammonia, overall reduction Stable: - 3% Storage: - 70% Application: - 48% Grazing: - 36% Ammonia, overall reduction IEF Dairy cattle: - 19% Pigs: - 54% TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 What have been achieved so far: IV Nitrogen deposition to land Nitrogen deposition to water Source: Ellermann et al. NERI, 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY What have been achieved so far: V Nitrogen input Mineral fertilser: Animal manure: Leaching - 50% - 10% From Root zone: Diffusive sources into water: - 50% - 41%

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 What have been achieved so far: VI (a) › Denmark has some of the best educated farmers › High performance of the farmers › Efficient controlling systems › Good data quality on input › The Normative system › Annual updated Nex for all animal types based on › › 18 -20 % of all dairy cattle 25 -30 % of all pigs 75 -80 % of all poultry 95 -100 % of all fur farms › Reliable data for Nex

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 What have been achieved so far: VI (b) Feed consumption and Nex 1990 -2010 1990 Fatteners 1994 FU/kg growth g protein/FU Nex, kg/yr/produced pig Piglets 4, 53 4, 55 FU/kg growth g protein/FU Sows 2000 2005 2010 2, 9 162, 5 158, 3 157, 6 151, 0 3, 28 3, 15 3, 19 2, 94 2, 0 2, 1 2, 0 175, 0 164, 3 164, 8 161, 0 Nex, kg/yr/produced pig 0, 73 0, 68 0, 64 0, 63 0, 51 FU 1300 1340 1442 1500 150, 0 149, 8 142, 8 138, 0 25, 7 26, 6 27, 2 26, 0 7450 7659 8745 9357 6032 6065 6593 6984 175, 6 175, 0 173, 0 172, 0 128, 0 127, 3 134, 5 140, 9 g protein/FU Nex, kg/yr Dairy cows 1997 28, 7 26, 3 Milk yield, l/yr FE 5700 6032 g protein/FU Nex, kg/yr 133, 0 121, 4

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY What have been achieved so far: VII Crude Protein (CP) content in pig feed FU/kg feed % CP, current danish values, % in feed TFRN Medium TFRN High Minimum economial CP content based on amino acid optimization Fatteners 1, 05 15, 9 15 -17 14 -16 13, 3 Piglets 1, 13 18, 2 18 -19 17 -18 17, 7 Sows 1, 04 14, 4 16 -17 15 -16 14 -15 13 -14 11, 0 Source: Own calculation based on data from the Danish Plant Directorate and http: //vsp. lf. dk/Viden/Foder/Naeringsstoffer/Normer%20 for%20 naeringsstoffer. aspx? full=1

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 What have been achieved so far: VIII Simple cost calculation Approximately cost, 1987 -2009: Abated ammonia, 1988 -2009: Reduced leaching to water: 500 – 600 Million € 387, 538 ton NH 3 -N 325, 778 ton N Cost per kg reduced NH 3 -N: Cost per kg reduced leached N: 1. 3 – 1. 5 €/kg NH 3 -N 1. 5 – 1. 8 €/kg N leached

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Comparison with other countries 2008 Denmark Germany Poland The Netherlands % Ammonia loss per kg excreted Nitrogen Cattle 15 25 20 21 Pigs 22 35 28 23 Poultry 28 43 30 21 Source: Own calculation based on reported data to EMEP/CORINAR and UNFCCC Emission kg NH 3 -N Dairy cows Fatteners/place Guide book Tier 1, approx. incl. manure application 28. 00 (? kg Nex) 5. 44 21. 68 (140 kg Nex) 1. 82 Denmark average 2009 incl. manure application

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY The Future › Approval of all farms > 15 AU › Demands for low ammonia emissions Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY Current regulations for enlargement Application year Maximum NH 3 -emission per dairy cow (large breed), kg NH 3 -N/yr Base N excretion, norm N ex Reduction, % 2006 2005/2005 134. 5 0 (reference) 10. 64 2007 2005/2006 134. 5 15 9. 04 2008 2005/2006 134. 5 20 8. 51 2009/2010 2005/2006 134. 5 25 8. 00 2011 2010/2011 140. 9 30 (from BAT) 7. 01 Application year Base N excretion, norm Nex, 30 -102 kg Reduction, % Maximum NH 3 -emission per produced pig, kg NH 3 -N 2006 2005/2005 3. 19 0 (reference) 0. 44 2007 2005/2006 3. 19 15 0. 37 2008 2005/2006 3. 19 20 0. 35 2009/2010 2005/2006 3. 19 25 0. 33 2011 2010/2011 2. 95 (1) 30 (from BAT) 0. 302 (1) Weight interval 32 -107 kg

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Approval of the Danish farms › Status by 1 June 2010 › Farmers having 22% of the current AU (240. 000 AU) in Denmark has applied and been approved › The farms has applied for an approval of 33 % of the current Danish animal stock (660. 000 AU) › An average increase of 50% per farm › The approval shall be utilized within 2 years (approx. ) › The performance of the applicants › Average NH 3 -N emission in the inventory: › Current emission: › Approved emission: 15. 8 kg NH 3 -N/AU 13. 0 kg NH 3 -N/AU 10. 6 kg NH 3 -N/AU The applicants are some of the best performing farmers

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 The Wheel 2011 application round 30 % reductions obtained with Expected average ammonia emission in the future 2012 applications etc. for pigs Forced to useand lowerdairy normative Nex-values cattle from Technique Lower CP in feed/less Nex stable and storage 7 kg NH 3 -N / AU Result Lower normative Nex-values

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Buffer zones › › Two different Natural areas › Natura 2000, EU-legislation › National interesting sites, ammonia sensitive areas (§ 3) › 7 % of the Danish agricultural area is in buffer zones Two buffer zones › 0 -300 m (BZ I) › No farms are allowed to be established › No changes in existing farms are allowed if this increase the emission › 300 -1000 m (BZ II) › Maximum increase in deposition of 0. 3 -0. 7 kg N/ha › The actual number depends on the number of animals within a range of 1000 m from the applicant › Large farms: If a farm (>500 AU) outside BZ II has an influence on the deposition in the natural habitat, this shall taken into account

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Steen Gyldenkærne AARHUS UNIVERSITY TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Manure application › No splash plates › Mandatory injection on black soils and grass › Mandatory injection in buffer zones for all crops from 2011 › High costs in growing crops: damage and horse power › Possible solution: acidification during application › Cost: app. 50 €/ha excl. effect of increased N utilization Acidification when applied 1 Injection Hose-trail Acidification when applied 2 Acidification in the stable http: //biocover. dk/images/stories/DJF_Syre. N_Forsg/2010_Bio. Cover_-_Notat_til_miljstyrelsen_om_Syre. N_projekt. pdf

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 CLR-Transboundary - AP Source: Maciej Kryza et al. , 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY CLR-Transboundary - AP Denmark has a highly intensive agriculture but: › 31 % of the deposited NHx to land is of Danish origin › 69 % is of foreign origin › Please reduce your emissions Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Summing up › Denmark has walked a long way › and still there is a path to walk – full of stones › The Danish national strengthening has a limited overall effect › primarily on local habitats › Large effects could be made if Europe follows the Danish example

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE AARHUS UNIVERSITY Steen Gyldenkærne TFRN, Rome 10 -12 May 2011 Thanks for taking your time National borders exits only in our minds