National Defence Dfense nationale DIMTPS 5 Tactical Common

National Defence Défense nationale DIMTPS 5 Tactical Common Data Link (TCDL) - Ku band Spectrum Issues - Jacques Cholette: DND Spectrum Management – Plans & Policies RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 1

Briefing outline Part I What is TCDL/Why TCDL spectrum challenges in Canada Commercial band in Canada TCDL equipment out-of-band & spurious emissions Amount of Ku band spectrum being requested and why Part II Two DND initial comments on the Consultation Paper Questions RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 2

What is TCDL/Why TCDL is part of a Standard NATO Agreement (STANAG 7085) TCDL provides high-bandwidth digital transmission between ISR 1 collection platforms and surface terminals Presently supports 2, 10. 71, 45, 240 Mbps data rates Imagery/ISR data (EO, IR, FL, SAR) for UAVs/manned platforms TCDL designed and manufactured to work in the Ku band For use within NATO and CCEB 2 countries to support ISR activities Ku band is government/military in most NATO/CCEB countries U. S. Congress passed Bill HR 1815: “…all Tactical UAVs of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force be equipped with TCDL…”. DND needs TCDL data link capabilities to support domestic and deployed ISR Ops, and be interoperable with Allies (along the U. S. border and when deployed) DND anticipated domestic use: ISR involving terrorist activity/incidents on Canadian soil ISR for aid to civil authorities including natural disasters, G 8 summit type events, and Vancouver Olympics in 2010 TCDL planned on Canadian CP 140 LRPAs, UAVs, Helicopters and CF-18 s. RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 1: 2: ISR: Intelligence, Surveillance & Reconnaissance UK, CA, US, AUS, NZ 3

Commercial band in Canada Ops anywhere/anytime/on short notice is not possible now and tomorrow!!! Ex… Training on military bases or special areas… 1 1 TCDL Downlink (430 MHz), STANAG 7085 TCDL Uplink (200 MHz) 2 14. 830 14. 4 15. 15 15. 35 U. S. Federal spectrum for mobile/fixed services 14. 5 15. 35 3 NATO recommended UAV band, ACP 190 NATO Supp 2, NJFA agreement type 1 14. 62 No time. Need exclusive Canada. Wide spectrum somewhere in the band 4 40 8 20 MHz 16 10 32 5 MHz 375 MHz 15. 23 EMC study necessary each time to find FS useable channels within UAV tuning range (C 5) National microwave channeling plan 5 10 11 5 100 MHz Temporary 4 40 8 20 5 10 11 5 MHz Radio Links MHz 16 10 32 5 MHz 375 MHz 4 4 14. 5 GHz 14660 14. 5 -15. 35 GHz RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 15135 14820 14875 14975 Canadian Frequency Allocation Table FIXED (band allocated to fixed microwaves) Mobile C 5 15295 15. 35 GHz 4

Selecting 2 × 160 MHz UAV/CP-140/CF-18 160 MHz Go. C exclusive Anywhere/anytime Canada-wide (ideal location) TCDL Downlink (430 MHz), STANAG 7085 TCDL Uplink (200 MHz) 14. 830 14. 4 15. 15 15. 35 U. S. Federal spectrum for mobile and fixed services 14. 5 15. 35 NATO recommended UAV band, ACP 190 NATO Supp 2, NJFA agreement type 1 14. 62 3 TRR 14. 5 1 14. 56 15. 23 TRR 1 14. 975 15. 035 2 3 2 4 40 8 20 5 10 11 5 100 MHz Temporary 4 40 8 20 5 10 11 5 MHz 16 10 32 5 MHz 160 MHz Radio Links MHz 16 10 32 5 MHz 160 MHz 14740 14820 14875 14. 5 GHz 14660 14. 5 -15. 35 GHz RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 14975 15135 15215 15295 15. 35 GHz FIXED Mobile C 5 5

Selecting 2 × 160 MHz UAV/CP-140/CF-18 160 MHz Go. C exclusive Anywhere/anytime Canada-wide (compromise) 1 TCDL Downlink (430 MHz), STANAG 7085 2 3 14. 830 14. 4 TCDL Uplink (200 MHz) 15. 15 15. 35 U. S. Federal spectrum for mobile and fixed services 14. 5 15. 35 NATO recommended UAV band, ACP 190 NATO Supp 2, NJFA agreement type 1 14. 62 4 TRR 14. 5 5 14. 56 5 4 40 8 20 MHz $$$$ 160 MHz 14. 5 GHz Micro- 16 10 waves 32 5 MHz 160 MHz 14660 14740 14. 5 -15. 35 GHz RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 5 10 11 5 15. 23 TRR 14. 975 15. 035 100 MHz Temporary 6 4 40 8 20 5 5 4 40 8 20 MHz Radio Links MHz Micro- 16 10 55 MHz waves 32 5 IC can “change use” of a MHz band, at own cost to industry, through Policy. 160 MHz But must give industry time. 15215 15135 14820 14875 14975 DND trading time for no cost to DND. FIXED Mobile C 5 5 10 11 5 MHz 15295 15. 35 GHz 6

Requested Ku band in Canada ~ 900 commercial microwave links affected Most assignments are located in important Canadian urban centres where DND could be called upon for support or intervention. (900 links=1, 800 sites) 2010 Olympics RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 7

TCDL “unwanted” emissions - Reasonable 244 MHz - Minimize imp. With 160 MHz of exclusive Go. C spectrum, TCDL must protect adjacent band fixed Filters microwave NATO recommended UAV band, ACP 190 NATO Supp 2, NJFA agreement type 1 channels. 14. 62 - L 3 (measured) - Phoned L 3 - DRDC/filters. 15. 23 Industry U. S. Federal spectrum for Canada mobile and. Protection fixed services criteria for Fixed System is: 14. 5 – 47 d. Bm/5 MHz 1, derived TCDL Downlink (430 MHz), STANAG 7085 from an airborne platform at 14. 830 a distance of 100 m from a TRR 14. 4 fixed MW receiver. 160 MHz 14. 5 - After, specs 14. 56 14. 5 -15. 35 GHz TCDL Uplink (200 MHz) 15. 15 14660 5 10 11 5 100 MHz Temporary MHz Radio Links 14820 14875 14975 15. 35 160 MHz 14. 975 15. 035 4 40, 8 20 MHz 14. 5 GHz 15. 35 5 10 11 5 4 40, 8 20 MHz 15135 15295 15. 35 GHz FIXED Mobile C 5 1 RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 : Calculated TCDL eirp power at the band edge at 100 m. IC Report. 8

DRDC pass-band simulation 8 inches 244 MHz -$5 K -External to eqpt -No eqpt modification 1 2 3 But Ops impact (1. 5 -2 d. B insertion loss resulting in reduction of range) RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 9

Why 160 MHz ? - Initial paper specs showed low BW reqr - High relocating costs to industry - MW channeling plan constraints - Leave MWs room to relocate (Tx, ant, hops) - DND must be a responsible spectrum user TCDL Downlink (430 MHz), STANAG 7085 TCDL Uplink (200 MHz) 14. 830 14. 4 Respects MW channeling plan TRR 14. 56 4 40 8 20 MHz 160 MHz 14. 5 GHz 15. 15 Micro- 16 10 waves 32 5 MHz 160 MHz 14660 14740 14. 5 -15. 35 GHz RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 5 10 11 5 TRR 14. 975 15. 035 100 MHz Temporary MHz Radio Links 55 MHz 14820 14875 15. 35 14975 4 40 8 20 MHz Micro- 16 10 IC Policy waves 32 5 No cost time MHz 160 MHz 15135 15215 5 10 11 5 MHz 15295 15. 35 GHz FIXED Mobile C 5 10

Part II Two DND initial comments the Consultation Paper RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 on 11

Consultation Paper (1 of 3) Section 5. 1, paragraph (2): “Following the issuance of the TCDL licences, existing fixed stations affected by the implementation of the TCDL systems will be afforded a minimum notification period of five years”: DND was hoping for a shorter period than 5 years considering that: • DND has had clearances and has been training with TCDL, at different locations, since summer 2005 (under the secondary Mobile C 5 allocation in the band). Training is done: – after long and extensive coordination with the FS service (EMC study), and – in limited areas and on a condition of NIB/NPB basis • There has been an IC “soft moratorium” on the band since Jun 2006 • In the October 2007 Speech from the Throne, the government identified strengthening Canada’s sovereignty and the security of Canadians as two of its priority • CA FS microwave users may soon suffer interference in the band from US operations along the border (Home Land Defence and Do. D (2010 Olympics)). RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 12

Consultation Paper (2 of 3) Section 5. 1, paragraph (3): “Five years after the date served in the notification, fixed station operators will no longer be protected but may continue to operate on a no-protection basis” The above provision does not make sense to DND and possibly the fixed service community. What the above means is that in 5 years : DND can use TCDL without the need to protect fixed systems (NPB). Therefore, one leg of the FS duplex link could be interfered with. Not a very reliable link! Fixed systems transmitters will be able to interfere with DND receivers: • DND could loose control of airborne cameras, loose control of UAVs during take off, flight, or landing (a safety matter)! • The reception on the ground of important and sensitive ISR data could be interfered with! • As a result, DND cannot really use the band for the next 10 years! Government ISR requirements cannot be fulfilled! RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 13

Consultation Paper (3 of 3) Summary of present IC proposals IC releases: - Policy decision - Notifications From IC proposal (2), 5 year notification period: From IC proposal (3), FS may operate From IC proposal (4), FS may NPB: operate NIB/NPB. - FS: planning & displacement - DND: cannot operate SN/CW 1 DND TX downlink & uplink DND A & G RXs not protected DND cannot use band for 10 years Summer 09 5 years 10 years 1: Short-Notice Canada-Wide RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 14

Questions? /Discussion… RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 15

Back-up slides RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 16

- History of the Ku band Why now a military issue in Canada? 20 years ago, there was little military use of the 14. 5 GHz band Despite Canada normally harmonizing with the U. S. and NATO, it then made some sense to allocate the band to commercial FS applications 15 years ago DND procured TRR in the band. TRR was protected around major military bases. Doctrine at the time was “Training” on military bases for “deployment” outside Canada Nobody ever envisaged a mobile or airborne need in Canada Then came 9/11… Afghanistan war, Iraq war, UAV technology… U. S. need for ISR (Intelligence Surveillance & Reconnaissance) for Homeland Defence U. S. manufactures Ku TCDL eqpt for ISR airborne platforms (for Allied Mil bands) Now, due to Canadian national sovereignty and security requirements: Canadian need for TCDL eqpt and exclusive Go. C use of the 14. 5 GHz band. RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 17

TCDL, LOS and BLOS (large UAVs) AMSS allocation 14. 0 -14. 5 GHz FIXED-SATELLITE Mobile-satellite 5. 504 A - LOS Ops: TCDL 14. 4 -14. 83 GHz downlink (large BW) - BLOS Ops: 14. 0 -14. 5 GHz satellite uplink (small BW) (ALIX) 4* 4. Ar t. R : R SS : SS AM 5 4. 1. 0 4 1 AM 5. 504 A: In the band 14. 0 -14. 5 GHz, aircraft earth stations in the secondary AMSS (Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service) may also communicate with space stations in the FSS. Hz G * R 1: 10. 7 -11. 7 & 12. 5 -12. 75 GHz R 2: 10. 7 -12. 2 & 12. 7 -12. 75 GHz R 3: 10. 7 -11. 7 & 12. 2 -12. 75 GHz Ex: L 3 UAV Satellite terminal tuning range: Special mobile antenna: TX: 14. 0 - 14. 5 GHz - Pointing accuracy RX: 10. 95 - 12. 75 GHz - Off-axis emissions RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 18

14. 4 -14. 5 GHz vs. 14660 -14820 MHz 100 MHz • CW A/A now! • NIB/NPB • only 100 MHz • no US interop. • no uplink cap. • only temporary • limit of 8 plat. • still filter • RAS… FSS RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 19

Radio Astronomy sites RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 20

Radio Astronomy site RABC - J. Cholette, DND, Jan 09 21

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