National Conference on Energy Environment Optimisation of Design

National Conference on Energy & Environment Optimisation of Design & Technology for Sewage Treatment by Vinita Dhupkar 21 st February, 2014

Contents • • Water Stress Sewage Generation & Treatment Sewage Treatment – Technology Options Overview of Technologies Technology Comparison & Assessment Technology Selection Way Forward

Global Water withdrawal

Water Stress Yesterday : Water Pollution Today : Water Stress Tomorrow : Water Scarcity

Water Stress • • • Growing Population Increasing Urbanisation Insufficient Infrastructure Over Extraction of Ground water Poor Treatment & Maintenance Increasing Gap between Demand & Supply

Sewage Generation & Treatment 60000 50000 40000 Sewage generation, MLD 30000 Sewage treatment, MLD 20000 10000 0 Metropolitan Class II Ref : CPCB Report on Performance Evaluation of STPs, 2013 Total

Sewage generation & Treatment Metropolitan Cities Class I Cities Ref : CPCB Report on Performance Evaluation of STPs, 2013 Class II Cities

Sewage generation & Treatment

STP – Technology Options Option 1 : ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS (ASP/ EA)

ASP- Flow Diagram AT-SC-CHL SCREENING RAW SEWAGE GRIT INLET CHAMBER GRIT REMOVAL RAW SEWAGE PUMPING STATION CHLORINE TREATED WATER DISINFECTION AERATION TANK SECONDARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE DRYING BEDS FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK

ASP - Flow Diagram PC-AT-SC-CHL RAW SEWAGE SCREENING GRIT RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER GRIT REMOVAL PRIMARY CLARIFIER CHLORINE TREATED WATER DISINFECTION AERATION TANK SECONDARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE THICKNER SLUDGE DRYING BEDS FILTRATE TO AT SLUDGE STABILISATION

ASP

ASP

MBBR - Flow Diagram MBBR-SC-CHL RAW SEWAGE SCREENING GRIT RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER GRIT REMOVAL CHLORINE TREATED WATER DISINFECTION AERATION TANK (MBBR) SECONDARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE DRYING BEDS FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK

MBBR

FAB - Flow Diagram FAB-SC-CHL RAW SEWAGE SCREENING GRIT RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER GRIT REMOVAL CHLORINE TREATED WATER DISINFECTION AERATION TANK (FAB) SECONDARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE DRYING BEDS FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK

SBR - Flow Diagram SBR-CHL RAW SEWAGE DIFFUSERS DECANTER SCREENING GRIT INLET CHAMBER GRIT REMOVAL SBR - 1 BLOWER SBR - 2 BLOWER RETURN SLUDGE SURPLUS SLUDGE CHLORINE SLUDGE CENTRIFUGE (SLUDGE DEWATERING) PUMP SLUDGE SUMP TREATED WATER TO DIPSOSAL CHLORINE CONTACT TANK

SBR

SBR

MBR- Flow Diagram MBR-CHL RAW SEWAGE SCREENING GRIT RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER GRIT REMOVAL CHLORINE TREATED WATER DISINFECTION MBR TANK SLUDGE DRYING BEDS FILTRATE TO AERATION TANK

MBR

UASB - Flow Diagram UASB-AT-SC-CHL ELECTRICITY RAW SEWAGE SCREENING GRIT RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER GRIT REMOVAL UASB GAS ENGINE CHLORINE TREATED WATER DISINFECTION AERATION TANK / FACULTATIVE LAGOON SECONDARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE THICKNER SLUDGE DRYING BEDS FILTRATE TO AT GAS HOLDER

UASB

TRICKLING FILTER - Flow Diagram TF-AT-SC-CHL RAW SEWAGE SCREENING GRIT RAW SEWAGE INLET CHAMBER GRIT REMOVAL TRICKLING FILTER CHLORINE TREATED WATER DISINFECTION AERATION TANK SECONDARY CLARIFIER SLUDGE THICKNER SLUDGE DRYING BEDS FILTRATE TO AT

Trickling Filter

Technology Comparison Parameter UASB+EA ASP-EA MBBR MBR SBR BOD, mg/l <30 <20 -30 <3 -<5 <5 COD, mg/l <250 <100 TSS, mg/l <100 <5 <10 No Treatment <10 <2 Area, Acres 15. 6 10. 9 5. 5 5 6. 3 Capital Cost, Rs. Lac (100 MLD) 6500 6000 7000 25000 8000 Power cost, Rs/m 3 1. 11 1. 71 1. 8 3. 0 1. 14 Chemical Cost 0. 07 0. 50 0. 06 Maintenance cost, Rs. /m 3 0. 22 0. 25 1. 1 0. 27 Power generation Yes Nil Nil TKN &P, mg/l

Technology Comparison

Technology Comparison

Technology Comparison Treated Sewage Parameters

Technology Assessment for Sewage Treatment Criteria OP Quality of Treated Effleunt Nutrient Removal potential Low Land Requirement potential Low Capital Cost potential Low Power Requirement Potential Electricity generation potential Low O & M Skills Potential ASP MBBR SBR UASB +ASP MBR TF + ASP Low Medium Very High

Domestic WW Treatment Objective 4 Recycle Reuse UASB SBR Objective 3 Reduce Operation Cost SBR MBBR Objective 2 Reduce Space Objective 1 Reduce Capital Cost SBR MBR UASB ASP MBBR TECHNOLOGY SELECTION

Indian Scenario Technology Options UP, Delhi Treatment & energy production Maharashtra Gujarat AP, Karnataka Treatment & Reuse Domestic Wastewater Technologies Chennai Kerala Treatment & Recycle / Reuse (Desalination)

Way Forward • Recycle / Reuse • Techno-economically viable technologies • Improvement in O&M • Reduction in Operational Cost by Innovations • Stringent Policies & Implementation by Govt. • Promotion of PPP Models

Water Stress Yesterday : Water Pollution Today : Water Stress Tomorrow : Water Scarcity Day After Tomorrow : Water War

Do not let the well dry, to learn the worth of Water ! Thank You ! Vinita Dhupkar