National challenging issue AFRICAN SWINE FEVER ASF IN

National challenging issue AFRICAN SWINE FEVER (ASF) IN VIETNAM

Contents • ASF overview • Epidemiology in Viet Nam • Consequences of ASF outbreaks • Challenges link to: • Prevention • Control strategy • Summary AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Why African Swine Fever is so dangerous? AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Because… • African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious hemorrhagic disease of pigs. • Highly resistant in environment and disinfectants, especially at lower temperatures. • Survival Ø Several days in feces Ø Month(s) in contaminated pens Ø Up to 18 months in blood Ø Over 140 days in some pork products Ø Years in frozen carcasses Bush pig Warthog European boar AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Mortality and Morbidity Ø Morbidity up to 100% Ø Mortality rate: reaches 100% § After 7 -10 d post-infection Ø All ages affected High mortality of ASF on infected pigs AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

And… 27. 4 million swine in Vietnam (2018) AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Epidemiology in Viet Nam Feb 2019: • Hưng Yên • China March 2019: Hải Dương Thái Bình • Hoà Bình • Hải Phòng • Điện Biên • Thanh Hoá • Thái Nguyên • Hà Nội • Quảng Ninh • Hà Nam • Ninh Bình • Nam Định • Bắc Kạn • Lạng Sơn • Nghệ An • Sơn La • Bắc Ninh • Thừa Thiên – Huế • Lai Châu • Bắc Giang • Quảng Trị • Vĩnh Phúc os La • Thailand Cambodia

Epidemiology in Viet Nam April 2019: Cao Bằng Khánh Hoà Hậu Giang Đồng Nai Vinh Long June 2019: • • Trà Vinh Bình Thuận Hồ Chí Minh Quảng Bình • • • • • • Phú Thọ Yên Bái Lào Cai Hà Tĩnh Hà Giang Tuyên Quang Quảng Nam Đăk Nông Gia Lai Quảng Ngãi Đăk Lăk Đà Năng Kon Tum Bình Định Bình Phước An Giang Cần Thơ Kiân Giang Sóc Trăng Đồng Tháp Bình Dương Cà Mau Bạc Liêu Tiền Giang os La • • • China May 2019: Thailand Cambodia

Epidemiology in Viet Nam • 56 of 63 provinces have reported 2873 outbreaks of ASF since February 1, 2019. • In total, 2. 2 million pigs were culled to stop the spread of ASF in Viet Nam. Dead and culled pigs by month in Viet Nam (2019) 1, 600, 000 1, 451, 102 Number of pigs 1, 400, 000 1, 200, 000 1, 000 800, 000 600, 000 400, 000 200, 000 - 117, 690 3, 981 Feb March April 11, 791 322 May June AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Consequences of ASF outbreaks • The spread of ASF would have disastrous consequences to Vietnam’s pig population! Infected pigs with ASF must be culled AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Consequences of ASF outbreaks • Huge economic loss • Cost of incineration • Cost of disinfection • Low prices: information crisis • No export permission • The total number of infected pigs: 2. 2 million pigs (Jun 5 th, 2019) ~ 154 million USD Because of the spread of highly contagious ASF, many farm owners went bankrupt. AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Consequences of ASF outbreaks Have a detrimental impacts on human mentality • Farmers: bankrupt • Unemployees: workers, vet, labors, etc. Low price of pork due to information crisis could also affect retailers AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Prevention How ASF spread through Vietnam: • Transportation • Disposal of carcasses • To water sources • Illegal trading • Phenomenon of “Emergency sale” A man transports piglets The dead pigs thrown into by motorbike canalsin Vietnam AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Prevention How ASF spread through Vietnam: • Waste foods • Tick-borne ? • Wild boar ? • Unknown Food waste uses as a source of feed for swine. Role of wild boars in Vietnam is unknown AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Control strategy NO treatment and NO effective vaccine currently Vietnam's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) action plan for ASF emergency: • Prohibit pig movement • Supervise the slaughter, the destruction of carcasses and the cleaning/disinfection on affected farms • Pigs in contact are traced and examined signs of disease • Farmer must declare any suspicious case (dead or alive pigs) to animal health authority • Infected pigs must be culled • Governments will support for farmers: 80% of the market price. • Incinerate or bury? AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Control strategy Use of quicklime at infected area Collect samples at slaughterhouse Establish checkpoint & disinfect vehicles into and out of epidemic areas

"The progress towards effective ASF vaccine" in Vietnam According to a research team, there are differences in pathology, clinical signs, temperature and food consumption between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated experimental pigs. Continuing to repeat experiments with different criteria Source: Khánh Vũ, “Khảo nghiệm vaccine ngừa dịch tả lợn Châu Phi cho kết quả ban đầu”, Lao Động Online, 10 June 2019, laodong. vn/y-te/khao-nghiem-vaccine-ngua-dich-ta-lon-chau-phi-cho-ket-qua-ban-dau-738235. ldo AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Conclusion q. ASF is highly contagious disease - Biosecurity is the key to prevent its spread. q. Although ASF does not spread to humans, the public are still reminded to cook pork thoroughly before consumption to avoid contracting foodborne diseases. q. The most challenges are not only sterm from biosecurity but also from authorities’ policies. AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

ASF Prevention Guidelines An ASF attention at AOT AVVP 2019 – Nation Presentation

Thank you for your attention !!!