NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA UNPAID HOUSEWORK
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 UNPAID HOUSEWORK: WOMEN BURDEN MORE Liu Wei China National Bureau of Statistics, ESA/STAT/AC. 219/29 1 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 A time use survey was carried out by NBS in May 2008, There were 37142 interviewees aged 15 -74 years old from 10 provinces. Among which were 19621 urban residents and 17521 rural residents, 18927 female and 18215 male. 2 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 The Diary Open diary with intervals of 10 minutes was adopted in the survey. The items included: • main activity • secondary activity • location (the means of transportation if in transit) • with whom when the activity starts Every respondent was asked to fill in two diaries, one for weekday, and one for weekend day. 3 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 The Classification of Activities The activity classification for time use in this survey: 9 categories, 61 groups and 113 classes The 9 categories are: 0 - Personal activity 1 - Formal employment 2 - Household primary work 3 - Household manufacture and construction work 4 - Household service Caring 5 - Household domestic workinto: for families is divided 6 - Caring for families and volunteer 61 - Careactivity for Children 7 - Study 8 - 62 Social lifeforand leisure Care Adults. time 4 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 Output Three indicators are used for measuring main activities: Average time Participation rate Average time of participants All indicators are provided by gender Other characteristics are: age, marriage, occupation, education, income and urban/rural 5 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 Output • Main activity: the records of main activity are complete. The result shows that the average time of no activity (no code or no record of activity) are less than 1 minute per diary. • Secondary activity: the records of secondary activity are incomplete. Many records were filled with only beginning time, but no ending time. 6 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 Responsibility by Gender In China, women take on most housework. Average time of housework: Women: 4 hours (234 minutes) Men: 1. 5 hours (91 minutes) Sources: 2008 time use survey in China 7 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 Responsibility by Gender Average Time of Housework ( minute ) Main Activity Total Male Female 164 91 234 Cooking 66 30 101 Child-care 21 11 31 of which: male = 1 Total 2. 6 Cooking 3. 4 Child-care 2. 8 Sources: 2008 time use survey in China 8 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 Responsibility by Gender Female participation of child-care Participation rate: 22 %, The average time of female participants: 137 minutes. Sources: 2008 time use survey in China More than 1/5 of women engaged in child-care, and on average they spent more than 2 hours on it per day. 9 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 Responsibility by Gender The Average Time Use by Distance between Home and Work Place Does this result means that the time spent on child-care is rigid? Sources: 2008 time use survey in China 10 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 Responsibility by Age Time on taking care of child • Two segments and two peaks, both for women and for men • Women spent more time on child-care than men do. 11 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 Responsibility by Age Practice in China: • Women usually give their first birth around 25 years old • Husband is normally couple of years older than his wife • The age of retire for women is 50 -55, for men is 55 -60 Can the result be explained by the practices? 12 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE Responsibility, Secondary Activity Child-care as Secondary Activity Total F M 8114 6026 2088 25 -34 74 22 35 -44 29 14 55 -64 27 14 Total Records /per 100 Diary by Age Group Sources: 2008 time use survey in China 13 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
III. A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DIARY NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 • With whom • For whom • Taking adult-care 14 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS OF CHINA 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 统 计 局 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION! 15 Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11 -13 October, 2010
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