National Assembly The Convention Maximilien Robespierre Jacobin Becomes

National Assembly The Convention

Maximilien Robespierre • Jacobin • Becomes the leader of the convention, and new face of the revolution.

VIII. France Invaded • Outside powers want to weaken France & restore monarchy. King suspected of plots. • King is guillotined • Radicals take control of Paris &, by extension, the gov’t

The French Revolution Phase 3 – The Rise of Napoleon

Ending the Terror • After the death of Robespierre the revolutionaries’ extremism began to decline. • The radical Jacobins lost power • The moderate middle class took control • Reduced the power of the Committee of Public Safety • Churches were allowed to reopen • A new constitution was created

Another New Government – Legislative Branch • National Assembly with 2 houses • Lower house: Council of 500 • Proposed laws • Upper house: Council of Elders • Accepted or rejected the proposed laws • Representatives chosen by electors • Electors had to own property worth a certain amount • Limited voters to about 30, 000 people

Another New Government – Executive Branch • The National Assembly picks an executive committee called The Directory • 5 Directors • The Directory ruled France with the National Assembly

Problems • The Directory government quickly became corrupt and practiced graft • Graft: stealing money from government projects or treasuries • Took advantage of the government’s money problems • Political enemies: • Royalists tried to reestablish the monarchy • Remaining radicals plotted against the government

• The Directory government relied on the military to keep it’s power and control. • Still fighting wars left over from the Terror • A very successful and popular general, Napoleon Bonaparte will seize power.

Napoleon as a Military Leader Wave of victories Awesome General – People liked/loved him

NAPOLEON AS LEADER OF FRANCE

Became dictator (all power held by a single person) of France for 10 years in 1799 when he launched a coup d’ etat (overthrow of the government) against the Directory.

Coalitions were formed because other European Monarchs did not want their people to see the French get away with killing their king and starting Republics.

General Reforms §Freedom of worship §Stabilized food prices §Class Equality §Rebuilt Paris §Got rid of 10 day week (& calendar)

Legal Reform: q. The Napoleonic Code – single set of laws for all of France q. Equality of law q. Basic liberties q. Limits on women’s rights q. Limits on political rights and freedom of speech and press q. NO LAWS APPLIED TO NAPOLEON

Class Reforms 1. Clergy § Improved Catholic’s status § Gave back land § Dropped state controls

2. Nobility § Allowed nobility to return from exile § Gave back land political status

3. Bourgeoisie § Stabilized markets and trade § Lowered taxes Peasants § Jobs § Lowered food prices

Evaluating Napoleon’s Key Decisions • Page 10 in Binder • Work with row partners – 10 minutes • Be ready to share and defend your choices.

Exit Slip • Do you think Napoleon was a Hero or Tyrant? Support your opinion with at least 2 pieces of historical evidence.