National Aeronautics and Space Administration LAKE ERIE WATER

National Aeronautics and Space Administration LAKE ERIE WATER RESOURCES Utilizing NASA Satellite Data to Detect Harmful Algal Blooms in the Western Basin of Lake Erie Oliwia Baney (Project Lead) Åse Mitchell Chippie Kislik Juan Torres-Perez Chase Mueller

Community Concerns Increasing lake temperatures Increasing Phosphorus runoff More Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events Risk to freshwater resource (Toledo, OH) Image Credit: Dineshraj Goomany

Study Area Western Basin of Lake Erie Image Credit: NOAA Image Credit: NASA Image Credit: Gerry Tuchodi

Partners National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) University of Toledo (U of T) National Center of Water Quality Research (NCWQR) NGA Image Credit: Mike Boening NCWQR U of T

Objectives Derive Indices FAI TI Validate indices Vs. in-situ data Document workflow Statistical comparison In-situ vs. remotelysensed data Image Credit: Andrea Pokrywinski

Project Methodology NASA Earth observations: Landsat 8 OLI Terra MODIS Hyper Spectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean: HICO aboard the International Space Station

Project Methodology In-Situ Data IFYLE: NOAA GLERL: • Chlorophyll A (ug/L) • Relative Fluorescence Units (RFU) 2005 • Total Suspended Matter (mg/L) 2014 • Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) Image Credit: NOAA

Project Methodology Temporal Range: Satellite Data Corresponding to In-situ Data

Project Methodology Indices of Interest: Satellite Data 1. Floating Algal (FAI) 2. Turbidity Index (TI) TI Image Credit: NOAA/NCCOS

Project Methodology Indices of Interest: In-situ Data 1. Chlorophyll A (Algal Count: ug/L or RFU) 2. Turbidity (TSM or NTU)

Project Methodology Analysis: Spatial Statistics • R-squared values • Residual Analysis

Results Satellite Results Visual Composite (Enhanced) Terra MODIS – August 9 th, 2005 Results Placeholder Buoy Station

Results R-Squared Values: Floating Algal Index

Results Satellite vs. In-situ Data (FAI) Floating Algal Index Terra MODIS – August 9 th, 2005 Discussion Placeholder Buoy Point – Residual Analysis

Results MODIS Turbidity Index Values R-Squared Values: Turbidity Index

Results Satellite vs. In-situ Data (TI) Normalized Turbidity Index Terra MODIS – August 9 th, 2005 Buoy Point - Residual Analysis

Results In-Situ Analysis:

Results MODIS FAI Analysis:

Results MODIS Turbidity Analysis: TI TI

Results Landsat 8 FAI Analysis:

Results Landsat 8 Turbidity Analysis: TI

Results HICO FAI Analysis:

Results HICO Turbidity Index Values HICO Turbidity Analysis:

Conclusions Remote Sensing vs. Satellite Data Image Credit: Bruce Irving Image credit: NOAA Image Credit: NASA Image credit: Tom Archer

Conclusions Benefits of Research Placeholder

Continued Work Utilize FAI & TI in the Southern Gulf of Mexico Run SWAT Model (Grijalva-Usumacinta River Basin) Identify sources of nutrient & sediment loading Create 10 year time-series trend analysis of Chl, SST, CDOM & PAR Image Credit: EDrost 88

Acknowledgements Dr. Laura Johnson & Dr. Rem Confesor National Center of Water Quality Research (NCWQR) Dr. Ricky Becker & Dr. Kevin Czajkowski University of Toledo (UT) Dr. Cindy Schmidt & Sherry Palacios Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI) – National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA) Andrew Nguyen DEVELOP National Program Amber Brooks DEVELOP National Program Dave Ullrich Image Credit: NASA Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative (GLSLCI) This material is based upon work supported by NASA through contract NNL 11 AA 00 B and cooperative agreement NNX 14 AB 60 A.