NAT 5 Dynamics and Space QUESTION 1 State

NAT 5 Dynamics and Space

QUESTION 1 State the difference between average speed and instantaneous speed.

QUESTION 2 Why is instantaneous speed measured electronically rather than manually?

QUESTION 3 Calculate the average speed in kmh-1 and in ms-1 of a car if it travels 36 km in 45 minutes.

QUESTION 4 Describe in detail how you would measure the instantaneous speed of a trolley down a ramp. (Remember to state all of the equipment required!!!)

QUESTION 5 Calculate the speed of the trolley at point Q and the average speed between P and Q below from the information given.

QUESTION 6 Define the term ‘acceleration’ and list all of the quantities and units involved in the acceleration equation.

QUESTION 7 Calculate a cars acceleration if its speed increases from 14 ms-1 to 22 ms-1 in 32 seconds.

QUESTION 8 A car travelling in a straight line decelerates from 20 ms-1 to 12 ms-1 in 4 seconds. a) Sketch this information on a Velocity-time graph. Calculate or find: b) Acceleration of the car in the 4 s c) Displacement of the car in the 4 s.

QUESTION 9 The graph shows how the velocity of a ball varies over 4 seconds. Calculate or find: a) Acceleration of the ball over the 4 s b) Displacement of the ball over the 4 s.

QUESTION 10 Calculate or find for the object below: a) Acceleration over the first 60 s. b) Distance travelled over the first 80 s. c) Average speed over the first 80 s.

QUESTION 11 A cyclist approaches traffic lights at 7 ms-1. She applies the brakes 4 s after seeing the lights turning red and comes to rest in a further 2 s. a) Sketch a speed-time graph of the cyclist over the 6 s. b) Calculate the distance travelled and the average speed of the cyclist over the 6 s.

QUESTION 12 State the unit that force is measured in and list three changes that they can make to an object.

QUESTION 13 State the name of the instrument used to measure force and what is it also sometimes known as?

QUESTION 14 State the definitions of the terms ‘mass’ and ‘weight’ and the units that they are measured in.

QUESTION 15 Calculate the weight of a Physics teacher of mass 95 kg.

QUESTION 16 Calculate the mass of an truck that has a weight of 30, 000 N.

QUESTION 17 State the definition of the term ‘gravitational field strength’.

QUESTION 18 How would your mass and your weight compare on the moon and on different planets?

QUESTION 19 How would you describe the direction in which any frictional force would act?

QUESTION 20 a) State the forces acting on you when you open a parachute during a jump. b) Compare these forces in a) when you reach a terminal velocity.

QUESTION 21 State and compare the horizontal forces acting on a car when it is travelling with: a) constant speed b) constant acceleration c) constant deceleration.

QUESTION 22 State Newton’s three laws of motion and list the equation and units involved with the first two laws.

QUESTION 23 What is meant by the term ‘work done’ and which unit is it measured in?

QUESTION 24 A Larbert High pupil pushes the family shopping trolley around the supermarket. A force of 20 N is applied over a distance of 600 m on the weekly shop. Calculate the work done on the trolley.

QUESTION 25 The 5 kg block below is travelling at a constant speed along the surface. What is the force of friction acting on the block?

QUESTION 26 Which block has the largest resultant force acting on it?

QUESTION 27 An unbalanced force of 1 N will make a

QUESTION 28 Near the Earths surface, a mass of 6 kg is falling with a constant velocity. Assuming g =10 Nkg-1, the air resistance and the unbalanced force acting on the mass are:

QUESTION 29 A block of mass 6 kg is pulled along a horizontal bench as shown. Calculate the force of friction between the block and the bench if it accelerates at 4 ms-2.

QUESTION 30 Calculate the mass of the box below if it accelerates at 1. 6 ms-2.

QUESTION 31 A child on a sledge down a snowy hill slows down at B and comes to a halt at C. Explain this motion in terms of forces.

QUESTION 32 An aircraft and passengers with a total mass 50, 000 kg is travelling horizontally at a constant speed. a) Calculate the total weight on the aircraft b) State the magnitude of the lift force on the wings.

QUESTION 33 A hot air balloon of mass 400 kg rises from the ground. The speed-time graph below shows its motion during the first 100 s of its flight. Calculate its total upward force during the first 60 s.

QUESTION 34 A ball rolls down a runway and leaves it at point R and takes 0. 6 s to travel from R to T. Calculate the distance from S to T.

QUESTION 35 A ball is thrown horizontally from a cliff as shown below. If air resistance is considered negligible, then which of the following statements are true?

QUESTION 36 Two identical balls X and Y are projected horizontally from the edge of a cliff and take different paths as shown below. Which of the following statements is/are true?

QUESTION 37 A Mars Rover vehicle launches a probe horizontally at 30 ms-1 and takes 6 s to reach the bottom of a large crater. Calculate or find: a) Horizontal distance travelled by the probe b) Vertical distance travelled by the probe. (g on Mars = 3. 7 Nkg-1)

QUESTION 38 A package is released from a helicopter flying horizontally at 40 ms-1 and takes 3 s to reach the ground. Calculate or find: a) Horizontal speed as it hits the ground. b) Vertical speed as it hits the ground. c) Horizontal distance travelled. d) Vertical distance travelled.

QUESTION 39

QUESTION 40 A satellite navigation system receives radio signals transmitted by satellites in orbit around the Earth. Complete the passage below.

QUESTION 41 An LED torch produces a beam of light. The LED is positioned at the focus of the torch reflector. Complete the diagram by drawing light rays to show the beam of light is produced.

QUESTION 42 When microwaves reach a satellite ground station they are received by a curved reflector. Use a labelled diagram to explain how a curved reflector is used.

QUESTION 43 A geostationary satellite link up was set up for the US presidential election between Washington and London, with television pictures transmitted by microwaves. a) What is a geostationary satellite? b) Calculate the wavelength of the microwaves if they have a frequency of 12 GHz.

QUESTION 44 State the definitions of: a) a scalar quantity b) a vector quantity.

QUESTION 45 Which of the following groups contains two vector quantities and one scalar quantity?

QUESTION 46 During training an athlete sprints 40 m East followed by 60 m West. Calculate or find: a) Distance travelled b) Displacement.

QUESTION 47 Two forces each of 7 N, act on an object O as shown below. Calculate the resultant of these two forces. (Remember M & D’s!!!)

QUESTION 48 Four tug boats apply forces to an oil rig in the directions shown below. Calculate the resultant force on the oil rig. (Remember M & D’s!!!)

QUESTION 49 A yacht follows the course shown below during a race. The race starts and finishes at point X. Calculate or find: a) The distance travelled from the start to Z. b) The displacement from the start to Z.

QUESTION 50 A student walks from X to Y and then from Y to Z as shown below in 2 hours. Calculate or find: a) Total distance travelled b) Average speed c) Displacement d) Average velocity.

QUESTION 51 State the definitions of the following: a) Cosmology b) Universe c) Stars d) Solar System e) Exoplanet

QUESTION 52 What conditions must be met in the ‘Habitable Zone’ for life to exist?

QUESTION 53 It takes light from the Sun 8 minutes to reach the Earth. Calculate the distance from the Sun to The Earth in a) metres b) Light Years.

QUESTION 54 a) State what is meant by the term ‘light year’. b) Earth is 52, 000 light years away from the other side of our own Milky Way Galaxy. Calculate this distance in metres.

QUESTION 55 a) State the names of the main two types of Spectra. b) Which of these two types of spectra split into two categories and what are they called?

QUESTION 56 A ray of green light strikes a triangular prism as shown below. a) Complete the path of the green light until it hits then screen. b) Show what is observed on the screen when the green light is replaced by white light. c) State three colours that have a wavelength greater than green light.

QUESTION 57 A remote gas sensing unit detects and identifies hydrogen, helium and oxygen gases when present in a sample. Logic 1 is present and Logic 0 is absent.

QUESTION 57 (Continued) Fill in the table below for Helium and Oxygen using the information given for Hydrogen as a guide to help you.

QUESTION 58 The line emission spectra from a star can tell you that the peak wavelength of light emitted provides information about its temperature. a) What else can the peak wavelength of light emitted from a star tell you? b) From the table below state the names of the hottest and coldest stars.

QUESTION 59 An astronomer uses a refracting telescope to study the Moon. a) State the names of each of the convex lenses and their purpose. b) An electric motor is required to keep the telescope pointing to the Moon. Why?

QUESTION 60 In Newton’s Third Law of Motion a rocket is pushed forwards because its engine gases are

QUESTION 61 In outer space, the engine of a space probe is switched on for a short time. When the engine is switched off, the rocket

QUESTION 62 Two objects are dropped from the same height and fall freely. Object X has a mass of 9. 8 kg and object Y 0. 98 kg. Object X accelerates at 9. 8 ms-2. What is the acceleration of object Y in ms-2?

QUESTION 63 a) What is meant by the term ‘gravitational field strength’? b) Calculate the mass of student using the information given below. c) Identify Planet X.

QUESTION 64 The first satellite Sputnik 1 was launched in 1957 and had a mass of 84 kg. From the graph below, calculate or find: a) Gravitational field strength at 800 km above the Earths surface. b) Weight of Sputnik 1 at this height.

QUESTION 65 In a science classroom, pupils make rockets by adding vitamin C tablets to water in a container of mass 0. 05 kg. The vitamin C tablet, attached to the lid, and the water react to give off a gas which causes the container to rise.

QUESTION 65 (Continued) a) Describe how the container rises using Newton’s Third Law of Motion. b) Calculate the weight of the container. c) The container has an upward force of 2 N acting on it. Calculate the unbalanced force acting upwards on the container. d) Calculate the acceleration of the container.

QUESTION 66 a) State the main energy change involved when a spacecraft re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere. b) Explain how factors such as angle of re-entry, thermal protection and design of the spacecraft are extremely important in the re-entry phase.

QUESTION 67 Answer the following questions from the table below: a) Which planet has the greatest diameter? b) Which planet is nearest to the Sun? c) Which planet has the shortest day? d) Which planet has the shortest orbit? e) On which planet would a 6 kg mass have the smallest weight?

QUESTION 67 (Continued)

QUESTION 68 Answer the following questions from the passage below: a) Why is Halley’s comet famous? b) When will Halley’s comet be visible again from Earth? c) Where can comets survive? d) What is the Oort cloud easily affected by?

QUESTION 68 (Continued)

QUESTION 69 State three pieces of evidence that support the ‘Big Bang’.

QUESTION 70 State the latest estimate of the age of the Universe with the ‘Big Bang’ been seen as the birth of the Universe?

The End