NASA Twin Study Identical twin astronauts Scott and

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NASA Twin Study Identical twin astronauts Scott and Mark Kelly On the ground On

NASA Twin Study Identical twin astronauts Scott and Mark Kelly On the ground On the International Space Station

What are the challenges of travelling to space and perhaps living on another planet?

What are the challenges of travelling to space and perhaps living on another planet? LACK OF AIR MICROGRAVITY FUNDING ENERGY METEORS COLD FUELS DARKNESS LACK OF WATER AND FOOD RAW MATERIALS Space Medicine establishes the countermeasures to overcome the physiological effects of space PSYCOLOGY RADIATION

• 10 individual investigations • 12 universities • NASA biomedical laboratories • National

• 10 individual investigations • 12 universities • NASA biomedical laboratories • National Space Biomedical Research Institute

NASA funded studies 1. Human Physiology How the spaceflight environment may induce changes in

NASA funded studies 1. Human Physiology How the spaceflight environment may induce changes in different organs like the heart, muscles or brain Metabolomic and Genomic Markers of Atherosclerosis as Related to Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Vascular Function in Twin Astronauts: Stuart M. C. Lee Proteomic Assessment of Fluid Shifts and Association with Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure in Twin Astronauts: Brinda K. Rana

2. Behavioral Health Effects spaceflight on perception and reasoning, decision making and alertness Cognition

2. Behavioral Health Effects spaceflight on perception and reasoning, decision making and alertness Cognition on Monozygotic Twin on Earth : Mathias Basner

3. Microbiology/Microbiome Dietary differences and stressors to find out how both affect the organisms

3. Microbiology/Microbiome Dietary differences and stressors to find out how both affect the organisms in the twins’ guts Metagenomic Sequencing of the Microbiome in GI Tract of Twin Astronauts: Fred W. Turek.

4. Molecular/Omics Way genes in the cells are turned on and off as a

4. Molecular/Omics Way genes in the cells are turned on and off as a result of spaceflight; and how stressors like radiation, confinement and microgravity prompt changes in the proteins and metabolites gathered in biological samples like blood, saliva, urine and stool Differential Effects on Telomeres and Telomerase in Twin Astronauts Associated With Spaceflight: Susan M. Bailey Comprehensive Whole Genome Analysis of Differential Epigenetic Effects of Space Travel on Monozygotic Twins: Andy P. Feinberg Biochemical Profile: Homozygous Twin control for a 12 month Space Flight Exposure: Scott M. Smith The Landscape of DNA and RNA Methylation Before, During, and After Human Space Travel: Christopher E. Mason Longitudinal Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis of the Biomolecular Effects of Space Travel: Michael Snyder Characterizing Personalized Changes in Baseline Immune Abnormalities and Stimulated Immune Response in the Presence of a Benign Trivalent, Inactivated, Flu Vaccination: Emmanuel Mignot

Astronauts make emergency landing Astronauts on board aAstronauts make emergency landing Astronauts on board a
Chapter 14 Systems of Identical Particles Identical particlesChapter 14 Systems of Identical Particles Identical particles
Chapter 14 Systems of Identical Particles Identical particlesChapter 14 Systems of Identical Particles Identical particles
And its fraternal twin i e not identicalAnd its fraternal twin i e not identical
NASA just declassified haunting sounds Apollo 10 astronautsNASA just declassified haunting sounds Apollo 10 astronauts
Originally developed by NASA for astronauts who couldOriginally developed by NASA for astronauts who could