NASA and Amateur Radio Space Communication Will Marchant

NASA and Amateur Radio Space Communication Will Marchant, UC Berkeley marchant@ssl. berkeley. edu http: //chips. ssl. berkeley. edu/~marchant And http: //www. spaceworksinc. com/

University of California, Berkeley Space Sciences Lab • Established 1958 • Supports science by UCB faculty • Balloons, rockets, and satellites • SETI@Home

Topics • CHIPSat • NASA Communications – – – Ground Network and Deep Space Network- TDRSS Space to Space Military Support Commercial Support Protocols: CCSDS vs. IP • The Amateur Radio Space Program – OSCAR – In Human Spaceflight – Protocols: AX. 25

What is space? • USAF- 50 miles • FAI 100 km • Who “owns” space? • Outer Space Treaty • ITU • http: //www. oosa. unvie nna. org/Space. Law/spa celaw. htm

What is an orbit?

Low vs. Geostationary Earth Orbits • Closer to Earth’s surface • Less energy • Decay sooner • Less radiation in equatorial • Can see a hemisphere • Fixed ground antennae • Fixed “real estate” • www. celestrak. com

CHIPS Program Overview • University of California, Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory & Space. Dev, Inc. • P. I. Dr. Mark Hurwitz • First UNEX to go beyond study phase • Mission Objectives – All sky survey at EUV wavelengths (90 to 260 Å) – Constrain models of heating and cooling processes in nearby hot interstellar plasma

Spacecraft Bus • • 70 kg 3 -axis stabilized +/- 2° attitude no propulsion survival solar panels S-band links Full hemisphere RF 18 month design

Launch • December 19, 2002 – CORIOLIS mission – Shroud pyrotechnics • January 11, 2003 – Tank pressurization • January 12, 2003 – Launch at 1945 Eastern time!

Mission Operations • • End-to-end use of the Internet Early systems integration “Test the same way you’ll fly” Appropriate levels of security

CHIPSat Data Flow UCB SOC LAN HESSI CHIPSat Router MCC Space. Dev MCC server switch client LAN INTERNET MCC LAN client Adelaide CHIPSat Fed. Sat CHIPSat Router switch

NASA Ground Network • http: //www. wff. nasa. g ov/~code 452/ • Primarily government LEO • “Small” (8 to 11 meter) dishes

GN Locations

Mc. Murdo Tracking Station

NASA Deep Space Network • http: //deepspace. jpl. na sa. gov/dsn/ • At least four Large (26 to 70 meter) dishes • Spaced equally around the Earth • Primarily interplanetary

DSN Locations

NASA Space Network- TDRSS • 26 “multiple access” users at 100 b/s to 50 kb/s • 2 “single access” at up to 300 mb/s • “Bent pipe” • Doppler tracking • S, Ku, and C band • White Sands, NM and Guam STK images courtesy of AGI

TDRSS

Space to Space Links • ESA experimenting with optical satellite links • Iridium • IRAS & GAIN

Military Support • Primarily tracking – ICBM warning – Orbit elements • Some telemetry monitoring

Commercial Support • Consolidated Space Operations Contract (CSOC)- http: //www. csoconline. com/ • Data. Lynx- http: //www. honeywelltsi. com/Data. Lynx/ • Universal Space Networkhttp: //www. uspacenetwork. com/

Universal Space Network

Commercial Constellations • • • Orb. Comm Global. Star Iridium ARGOS INMARSAT

Communications Protocols • • TDM custom packets CCSDS- www. ccsds. org IP- ipinspace. gsfc. nasa. gov “none” for bent-pipe applications

The Amateur Radio Space Program

Orbiting Satellite Carrying Amateur Radio • 1961 • 50+ launches • AMSATs in 27 countries

Amateur Radio on Human Spaceflight Missions Since 1983, organizations in the U. S. (SAREX), Germany (SAFEX) and Russia (MIREX), have worked with the space agencies to fly Amateur Radio and to support Educational Outreach on: ISS Space Shuttle Mir

Ericsson Power Adapter Initial Equipment: Phase 1 VHF & UHF Modules Packet Adapter Module Radios Power Cable Ericsson Cables RS-232 Cable Headset Extension Antenna Cable Transceiver Cable Headset

Ham Radio Space Protocols • AM, SSB, FM, PSK, direct sequence spread spectrum • AX-25 – Extended addressing – Unnumbered Information (UI) packets • Morse code, SSB & FM voice • Various image transfer formats

Future Needs • Higher frequencies • Optical • Relay capability

Get involved with space! • IT Senior design team project – Internet enabled “Mars rover”? – Model rocket payload? – Amateur radio balloon payload? • NASA Summer Internship • Local industry internship • http: //www. amsat. org/

References CHIPS Science Web Page chips. ssl. berkeley. edu University Class Explorers Office www. wff. nasa. gov/pages/code 850. html GSFC OMNI Project Ipinspace. gsfc. nasa. gov General www. spaceflightsoftware. com/will/references. html