Napoleonic Era Hero or Tyrant 1799 1815 Periodization

Napoleonic Era Hero or Tyrant 1799 -1815

Periodization and Review French Revolution • Nat’l Assembly: 1789 -1791 – Calling of the Estates General – Tennis Court Oath – Storming of the Bastille – Great Fear and abolition of feudalism – Civil Constitution of the Clergy – Declaration of the Rights of Man

Periodization and Review French Revolution • Legislative Assembly: 1791 - 92 – Jacobins vs. Girondins – War of the First Coalition (Spain, Holland, Austria, Prussia, England) – Paris Commune – September Massacres

Periodization and Review French Revolution • Nat’l Convention: 1792 -1795 – Creation of the Republic – Execution of Louis XVI – Committee of Public Safety – Reign of Terror – Thermidorian Reaction

Periodization and Review French Revolution to Napoleon • The Directory: 1795 -99 – Ruling bourgeoisie vs. aristocracy and sansculottes – Coup d’etat Brumaire

Periodization Napoleonic Era • Consulate: 1799 -1804 – Code Napoleon – Concordat of 1801 – War of the 2 nd Coalition

Napoleonic Era • Napoleonic Empire: 1804 -15 – Confederation of the Rhine – Continental System – Treaty of Tilsit – Peninsular War – Russian Campaign – Waterloo

The Age of Napoleon • Napoleon Bonaparte (1769 – 1821) • 1795 – 1799 – Defends the “New Regime” a. k. a. the Directory against royalist insurrection. • 1799 - Overthrows the Directory through a coup d’etat. Issued the Constitution of the Year VIII establishing Napoleon as a ruler in the Consulate.

The Age of Napoleon • The Consulate (1799 -1804) – First made of 3 consuls until Napoleon won the support of the people through a constitutional plebiscite to become First Consul. – Quickly established his power by securing peace with his enemies and rewarding those who were loyal to him with government positions. – Suppressed any opposition

The Age of Napoleon • The Consulate (1799 -1804) – First made of 3 consuls until Napoleon won the support of the people through a constitutional plebiscite to become First Consul. – Quickly established his power by securing peace with his enemies and rewarding those who were loyal to him with government positions. – Suppressed any opposition

The Age of Napoleon • Concordat of 1801 – Made peace with the Catholic Church – Catholicism became the religion for the majority of France. However, other religions were tolerated. – Church was under state control. Paid church salaries and all clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty to the state. – Church got Napoleon to reinstate the old calendar with Sundays included.

The Age of Napoleon • The Civil Code of 1804 – Also known as the Napoleonic Code – Reformed the French political system by establishing uniform laws rather the old established laws in place. – Called for equality before the law for all property holders. (exception for women)

The Age of Napoleon • Napoleon I – Crowned in 1804 – Allowed through constitutional plebiscite. – Notre Dame Cathedral where the Pope allowed Napoleon to place the crown on his head. – His position was not based on the will of God but based on his own achievements.

The Age of Napoleon • After defeating Austria (Battle of Ulm), Russia (Battle of Austerlitz) Napoleon established the Confederation of the Rhine (1806) abolishing the Holy Roman Empire and establishing a group of 16 German states under the influence of France. • Prussia now moves from neutrality to join the Third Coalition with Russia, Austria and England.

The Age of Napoleon • Treaty of Tilsit (1807) – Russia withdrew from the coalition and made peace with France. Alexander I and Napoleon meet on a raft on the Nieman River. • Continental System – With Russian defeat and support Napoleon enacts a ban on British goods from arriving in Europe (countries and territories under Napoleon’s control) Napoleon tried to increase French economic power.

The Age of Napoleon • Napoleon’s Defeat • War with Spain (1807) • Growing nationalism against France (Germany) • Invasion of Russia (1812) • Congress of Vienna (1815) – Restored the French monarchy – Redrew the boundaries of France to what existed in before 1792 – (4) Great powers-Russia, Austria, Prussia, and England