Napoleon He Napoleon was clearly the most extraordinary

Napoleon

“ He [Napoleon] was clearly the most extraordinary man I ever saw, and I believe the most extraordinary man that has lived in our age, or in many ages. ” Tallyrand

Napoleon’s Rise to Power • 1769 --- Born in Corsica to an impoverished noble family

• 1778 --- attended Military College in Marseilles • 1793 --- involved in the attack on the Mediterranean port of Toulon

• 1795 --- “Whiff of Grapeshot” (ordered his soldiers to fire into a mob in Paris)

• 1796 --- appointed Commander-in-Chief of the French Army invading Italy • 1799 --- took power by a coup d’etat • 1804 --- proclaimed Emperor of the French

First Consul (1799 -1804) • Directory wanted stronger government – "Confidence from below, authority from above. " – Abbé Sieyès • Defeated 2 nd coalition • Napoleon tried to copy Caesar Augustus

"I closed the gulf of anarchy and brought order out of chaos. I rewarded merit regardless of birth or wealth, wherever I found it. I abolished feudalism and restored equality to all regardless of religion and before the law. I fought the decrepit monarchies of the Old Regime because the alternative was the destruction of all this. I purified the Revolution. “ – Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon's Coronation – Jacques Louis David

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns 1805: France Sea Power Britain Trafalgar (Lord Nelson: Fr. Navy lost!)

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns 1805: France -Danube -Italy Britain Austria Russia (3 rd Coalition) e ULM: France defeated Austria. e AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia. Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns 1806: France Confed. of the Rhine Prussia JENA: French Troops in Berlin! BERLIN DECREES (“Continental System”) 4 th Coalition created

British Cartoon “Continental System” (1806 -1812)

Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns 1806: France Poland Russia Grand Duchy of Warsaw : France defeated Russian troops : France occupied Konigsberg, capital of East Prussia!

Peninsular Campaign: 1807 -1810 1806: France Continental System Spain Portugal e Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. e France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. e Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well!

Napoléon’s Family Rules! Jerome Bonaparte King of Westphalia. Joseph Bonaparte King of Spain Louis Bonaparte King of Holland Pauline Bonaparte Princess of Italy Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son) King of Rome e Elisa Bonaparte Grand Duchess of Tuscany e Caroline Bonaparte Queen of Naples e e e

Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812 614, 000 French troops

Russian General Kutuzov The Russian army defeated the French at Borodino.

Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100, 000 French troops retreat— 40, 000 survive!

The 6 th Coalition 1813 -1814: France Napoléon’s Defeat Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states

Napoléon Abdicates! e Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814. e Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favour of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender. e Napoléon abdicated again on April 11. e Treaty of Fontainbleau exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2, 000 francs. e The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

Louis XVIII (r. 1814 -1824)

Napoléon in Exile on Elba

“The War of the 1815: France th 7 Napoleon’s “ 100 Days” Coalition” Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states e Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 the beginning of his 100 Days. e Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815) Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher

Napoléon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena