Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Born for Greatness Born 1769

Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon: Born for Greatness • Born 1769 – Corsica • Military school at age 9 • By age 16 (1785) – Becomes army lieutenant • 1795 Defends delegation of National Convention

Napoleon: Born for Greatness 2 • 1796 -1799 – military victories vs. Austria, Sardina, Britain • 1798—marries Josephine • End of 1799 – “the General” referred to one man: Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Seizes Power • 1799 – The Directory loses control • Napoleon and wife Josephine are urged to seize power • November 19, 1799 –Napoleon’s Coup d ’etat (sudden overthrow of the gov)

Domestic Policies of Napoleon 1. Napoleonic Code • 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Unified laws Stabilized Economy Created national banks Officials based on merit Gov-run public schools (lycees) Strong, Centralized Government • Stable

Why is he so popular? • “Soldier’s General” • First into battle, the last to leave • Brave, Valiant, Attractive, Suave, Inspirational

Napoleon’s Control • “First Consul” • dictator • Coronates himself Emperor (1804) • Arrogant move • Divorces Josephine, marries Austrian Marie Louise

New Territories for Bonaparte • Sells LA Territory to U. S. for $15 million • By 1805 – Conquered most of Europe: Austria-Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, Spain • Only countries not under control: Britain, Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Sweden

Mapping the Success

Third Coalition • Third Coalition (alliance) • Russia, Austria, Britain, Prussia • Napoleon signs peace treaties with all those BUT Britain

NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL

Napoleon’s “Achilles Heel” • 1805 - Continental System • Blockade of all of Europe • Attempt cut off British trade • Fails—British Navy too powerful • Battle of Trafalgar (1805) – • Horatio Nelson (English Gen) • Naval battle • Napoleon defeated

Russia Outsmarts Napoleon (June 1812) • Minor Victory in Moscow • Scorched-earth policy • Burn & Retreat, Burn & Retreat • Napoleon Fails in Russia

Napoleon Exiled • Napoleon exiled to Elba (March 1814) • Monarchy restored (Louis XVIII)

Napoleon Returns • Escapes Elba • “I am your emperor…If there is any among you who would kill your emperor, here I am. ” • “Long live the emperor!” – gains support • Louis XVIII flees • Hundred Days • Napoleon’s reign following his return • Restore values of revolution • Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815) • Duke of Wellington (British & Prussian Forces) Win • Napoleon exiled to St. Helena

Napoleon’s Last Days • “ 1000 miles from home, and 1000 miles from nowhere. ” • Dies 1821

Congress of Vienna • 1814 -1815 –European leaders • establish peace & security • Klemmons von Metternich (Austria) • Prevent French Aggression • Balance of Power (No country is a threat to anyone) • Restore royal families to the throne

Napoleon Empire Map (1815) European Map after Congress of Vienna (1817)

Legacies of Congress of Vienna 1. Britain & Prussia power increases, France power decreases 2. Nationalism grows in European nations (Led to revolutions) 3. Colonies Gain Independence