Napoleon Bonaparte Emperor of France 1804 1815 Young

Napoleon Bonaparte Emperor of France 1804 -1815

Young Napoleon • 1795 Saved Directory with a “whiff of grapeshot” • Defeated Austria • Defeated Italy • Conquered Spain

Rise to Power • Staged a coup d’etat in 1799 • Shared power with the Consuls. • Held plebecites (elections) to increase power. • Elected Emperor in 1804… 99% approved.

Napoleon’s Coronation

Napoleon as Emperor Note the symbolism

Napoleon as Legislator • Opened education to all (Lycees) • Created Bank of France —all paid taxes • Set up Napoleonic Code—State above the individual, Equality of all citizens (not women though) • Religion—state employees and religious toleration

Napoleon Dominates Europe • Continental System —blockade GB • Set up family on thrones of Netherlands, Naples, Spain • Destroyed the HRE. • Big victory. Austerlitz Defeated coalition of Austria, Russia, and Prussia • Spurred nationalism in Europe

Napoleon’s Symbols • • The Bee Symbol of immortality and resurrection, the bee was chosen so as to link the new dynasty to the very origins of France. Golden bees (in fact, cicadas) were discovered in 1653 in the tomb of Childeric I, founder in 457 of the Merovingian dynasty and father of Clovis. They were considered as the oldest emblem of the sovereigns of France. The Eagle This symbol of imperial Rome, Jupiter's bird, was associated from the earliest antiquity with military victory. This eagle, very different from the motifs of traditional heraldry, also took elements from the Carolingian eagle. The day after the coronation, Napoleon had an eagle placed at the top of the shaft of every flag in the Napoleonic army.

Tiddy-Doll the Great French Gingerbread Maker, Drawing Out a New Batch of Kings; His Man, Talley Mixing up the Dough No doubt a broadside from the artist at both Napoleon Bonaparte's ambitions to make all nations look like his, and his penchant for creating new monarchies for his family.

The Russian artist is Ivan Terebenev, who did many works that showed extreme pride in the Russian people's preparedness for self-sacrifice. In the image, a Russian serf is about to cut off his arm - branded by the French .

Napoleon’s great Defeats • Peninsular War (Spain…) • Trafalgar (Naval battle) • Russia • Waterloo

Napoleon’s Legacy • Secured the French Revolution • Spread Revolutionary ideas throughout Europe • Reformed Tax systems, promoted education. • Merit rather than birthright

French Revolution Symbols Tri Color. Red and Blue the symbols of Paris. White the symbol of the monarchy. Liberty Cap Tree of Liberty Guillotine

French Revolution Slogan • Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite • Liberty—natural rights of man. • Equality—All men are born equal and have equal rights. No special privileges for birthright. • Fraternity—brotherhood. The brotherhood of humanity. Working together • WRITE THESE ON YOUR BADGE