Napoleo n Timeline 1793 to 1821 La Marseillaise

Napoleo n Timeline 1793 to 1821

La Marseillaise - English lyrics Arise children of the fatherland The day of glory has arrived Against us tyranny's Bloody standard is raised Listen to the sound in the fields The howling of these fearsome soldiers They are coming into our midst To cut the throats of your sons and friends To arms citizens Form your battalions March, march Let impure blood Water our fields What do they want this horde of slaves Of traitors and conspiratorial kings? For whom these vile chains These long-prepared irons? Frenchmen, for us, ah! What outrage What methods must be taken? It is us they dare plan To return to the old slavery! We too shall enlist What! These foreign cohorts! They would make laws in our courts! When our elders' time has come To add to the list of deeds What! These mercenary phalanxes Inscribed upon their tombs Would cut down our warrior sons We are much less jealous of surviving Good Lord! By chained hands Our brow would yield under the yoke them The vile despots would have themselves Than of sharing their coffins We shall have the sublime pride be Of avenging or joining them The masters of destiny Drive on sacred patriotism Tremble, tyrants and traitors Support our avenging arms The shame of all good men Liberty, cherished liberty Tremble! Your parricidal schemes Join the struggle with your defenders Will receive their just reward Under our flags, let victory Against you we are all soldiers Hurry to your manly tone If they fall, our young heroes So that in death your enemies France will bear new ones See your triumph and our glory! Ready to join the fight against you Frenchmen, as magnanimous warriors Bear or hold back your blows Spare these sad victims That they regret taking up arms against us But not these bloody despots These accomplices of Bouille All these tigers who pitilessly Ripped out their mothers' wombs

Early Years 1793 -1799 THE General Napoleon in 1794 sketch Napoleon Bonaparte: 1793 - Drove British out of France forever 1796 - Was sent by The Directory to North Italy across the Alps and defeated the Austrian army. 1797 - Forced peace with Austria 1798 - In Egypt: Attempts to cut off British trade in Asia by taking Egypt and putting his navy in charge of the Mediterranean and the Red seas - Is beaten by Admiral Horatio Nelson BUT no one in France learns of the defeat b/c he sent spies to stop stories of the loss to Britain 1799 – French scientists & historians in Egypt discover the Rosetta Stone, Stone the key to reading hieroglyphics but the British take it in 1801 after defeating Napoleon’s army

Glory Years 1799 – 1803 RULER - Consul

RULER: Glory Years 1799 - 1802 Consul 1799 - The Consulate Years: 1799 – Napoleon seizes control of the government in a coup d’etat. 1799 - Napoleon gets rid of The Directory and replaces it with a 3 -man Consul and a 4 th constitution is written which makes him 1 st Consul or a virtual dictator by 1801 1800 - Napoleon forces Spain to hand over Louisiana in America; he intends to infiltrate North America and eventually conquer it 1802 - Under a 5 th Constitution, Napoleon makes himself 1 st Consul for Life or an absolute ruler for life

1802 – Absolute Ruler: 1. Sets up a legislature which has no authority; 2. sets up representative institutions which have no power; 3. introduces censorship of the press; 4. appoints judges & strengthens police; 5. improves education; 6. makes all executive decisions 1803 - sells Louisiana to the US for $15 million Glory Years 1802 - 1804 Emperor 1804 - crowns himself Emperor Napoleon I to make title hereditary 1804 – The Napoleonic Code is a Civil Code that gave post-revolutionary France its 1 st cohesive set of laws re: property, colonial affairs, the family, etc. It called for: equality for all citizens; abolishing feudalism; promoting religious tolerance; men have authority over families; women have no rights as citizens; slavery restored in colonies

Glory Years 1805 General Napoleon plans to Conquer Europe 1805 - Napoleon used economic warfare, the Continental System in which he closed all European ports using a naval blockade to prevent British ships from entering the ports Britain retaliated w/ its own blockade to stop neutral ships bound for France and send them to Britain to be searched – British navy was more successful 1805 - Russia, Austria, & Sweden declare WAR on France 1805 - France defeats Austria/Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz*** & forces them and Prussia to join to the Continental System 1805 - The Battle of Trafalgar between the French and British navies at the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea is a win for Admiral Nelson again! France loses and Britain stays #1 in world trade for the next 100 years 1807 - Russia needed manufactured goods from Great Britain so it secretly imported them and ignored the blockades and undermined the Continental System

More War Years 1808 1812 General Bonaparte 1808 - Napoleon invaded Spain to get to Portugal to force the Continental System on it; The Spanish fight back, using guerilla warfare and beat Napoleon. 1811 - 600, 000 troops from 20 nations form the French army called the GRAND ARMY, the largest military force ever assembled to date. 1812 – The only areas not under France are: Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and Ottoman Empire Napoleon invades Russia with 420, 000 Grand Army. Tsar Alexander I orders Russians to retreat using the scorched earth policy Russian troops set Moscow on fire before French take it; French leave; retreat causes 300, 000 deaths by cold, starvation

Retreat from Russia

1813 - Napoleon arrives in Paris while his troops finish the 1000 mile walk from Moscow; 20, 000 survive 1813 - British Duke of Wellington defeats French in Spain; Prussia declares war on France; Battle of the Nations - Russia, Prussia, Britain, and Austria defeat French at Battle of Leipzig 1814 - Napoleon abdicates Napoleon exiled to Elba Island Louis 18 th takes throne 1814 - Congress of Vienna starts to discuss peace, the balance of power, protect monarchies, & to draw new map of Europe Glory Years 1813 - 1814

1814 - Napoleon Abdicates

1815 - Napoleon Returns

1815 – The 100 Days - Return of the GENERAL March 1815 – Napoleon escapes from Elba and enters Paris to begin his "Hundred Days" rule [which lasted 94 days because days were measured in metric measurements back then]. He puts together a 100, 000 man army. King Louis XVIII flees. British and Prussians gather in Belgium to confront Napoleon one last time

Waterloo

Waterloo and Goodbye Napoleon June 18, 1815 – the Battle of Waterloo is a 1 day battle in Belgium with 68, 000 British troops under the Duke of Wellington vs. 105, 000 French troops under Napoleon; Wellington fought his last battle at Waterloo. He became a hero, all over Europe. He was head of troops during the occupation of France and advocated a non-punish peace deal. He organized loans to restore French finances and oversaw the withdrawal of troops after 3 years. He returned to Britain in 1818 and became Prime Minister in 1828. The British were losing but 89, 000 Prussian troops arrived &helped to defeat Napoleon fled to Paris He abdicated for a 2 nd time on June 22 He was exiled St. Helena Island in the mid-Atlantic. Treaty of Paris is signed in November in 1815. He dies on the island in 1821.

After Napoleon: The Congress of Vienna WHO Attend: 5 great powers: Prussia, Russia, Austria, Great Britain, France Main Goal: Stability - restore the balance of power Secondary Goal: prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with strong countries. France’s area is reduced to her frontier borders of 1789. Belgium, Luxembourg, and Netherlands are countries & become buffer countries. 39 German states are loosely joined as a newly created German Confederation, dominated by Austria. Switzerland is an independent state. Ruling families return to power in France, Spain, and parts of Italy Atlantic Slave Trade is outlawed. All agree, only Britain did anything to stop it. OTHER: France had to pay an indemnity of 700 million francs and pay for an occupation army [British and Prussian] in seventeen