NANTAI NVERSTES SOCIOLOGY II SOW 106 MAJOR PERSPECTIVES

NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOCIOLOGY II (SOW 106) MAJOR PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIOLOGY İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi iisbf. nisantasi. edu. tr NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERS İTESİ ©

Sociologists need theory as a context to help make sense of their observations. NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

FOUNDERS OF SOCIOLOGY Auguste Comte Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Max Weber NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

AUGUSTE COMTE (1798 - 1857) • Responsible for coining the term “sociology” • Set out to develop the “science of man” that would be based on empirical observation • Comte's vision for sociology was for it to become a 'positive science'. He wanted sociology to apply the same rigorous scientific methods to the study of society that physicists and chemists use to study the physical world. • Comte’s law of three stages: theological, metaphysical and positive stages. NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

EMILE DURKHEIM (1858 -1917) v Durkheim moved sociology fully into the realm of an empirical science v Generally regarded as the founder of functionalist theory v Three of the main themes he addressed 1) the importance of sociology as an empirical science 2) the rise of the individual and the formation of a new social order 3) the sources and character of moral authority in society v Two types of solidarity: mechanical and organic solidarity NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

KARL MARX (1818 -1883) • The father of conflict theory • Saw human history in a continual state of conflict between two major classes: Bourgeoisie—owners of the means of production (capitalists) Proletariat—the workers • Predicted that revolution would occur producing first a socialist state, followed by a communist society NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

MAX WEBER (1864 -1920) Ø An important element in Weber's sociological perspective was the idea of the ideal type Ø The development of science, modern technology and bureaucracy was described by Weber collectively as rationalization Ø His most famous work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism directly challenged Marx’s ideas on the role of religion in society NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

REFERENCES • Giddens, A. (1993). Sociology. Cambridge [England]: Polity Press. • Tischler, H. (2006). Introduction to Sociology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©