NANTAI NVERSTES MATERIALS SCIENCE CHAPTER 9 FERROUS ALLOYS
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NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ MATERIALS SCIENCE CHAPTER 9 - FERROUS ALLOYS Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi mmf. nisantasi. edu. tr NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERS İTESİ ©
• Ferrous alloys are iron based alloys that has extensive use in wide range of industries because of its flexibility to meet strength, toughness, and impact of diverse industrial applications. This flexibility depends on the heat treatment procedures, which modifies the final micro-structure. • Examples of ferrous alloys include carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, tool steels, cast iron, cast steel, maraging steel, and specialty iron-based alloys.
TYPES OF FERROUS ALLOYS Various types of ferrous metals and alloys are available in the market: • Carbon steels are ferrous alloys that contain carbon and small levels of other alloying elements, such as manganese or aluminum. • Alloy steels contain low to high levels of elements such as chromium, molybdenum, vanadium and nickel.
• Stainless steels are highly corrosion resistant, ferrous alloys that contain chromium and/or nickel additions. • Cast iron, a ferrous alloy, contains high amounts of carbon. Ductile iron, gray iron and white cast iron grades are types of cast iron. • Cast steel alloy grades are made by pouring molten iron into a mold.
CLASSIFICATION OF STEELS BY COMPOSITION Carbon steels • Low carbon steels (C < 0. 25%); • Medium carbon steels (C =0. 25% to 0. 55%); • High carbon steels (C > 0. 55%).
DESIGNATION SYSTEM: • American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) together with Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) have established four-digit (with additional letter prefixes) designation system:
SAE 1 XXX First digit 1 indicates carbon steel (2 -9 are used for alloy steels); Second digit indicates modification of the steel. 0 - Plain carbon, non-modified 1 - Resulfurized 2 - Resulfurized and rephosphorized 5 - Non-resulfurized, Mn over 1. 0% Last two digits indicate carbon concentration in 0. 01%.
Alloy steels – Low alloy steels (alloying elements ⇐ 8%); – High alloy steels (alloying elements > 8%).
FOUR-DIGIT CLASSIFICATION SAE-AISI SYSTEM: First digit indicates the class of the alloy steel: 2 - Nickel steels; 3 - Nickel-chromium steels; 4 - Molybdenum steels; 5 - Chromium steels; 6 - Chromium-vanadium steels; 7 - Tungsten-chromium steels; 9 - Silicon-manganese steels.
• Second digit indicates concentration of the major element in percents (1 means 1%). • Last two digits indicate carbon concentration in 0, 01%. Example: SAE 5130 means alloy chromium steel, containing 1% of chromium and 0. 30% of carbon.
THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF STAINLESS STEEL The different types of stainless steel are created by adding different levels of various alloys such as chromium or nickel during the manufacturing process. • 5 basic types of stainless steel
REFERENCES 1. The Science and Engineering of Materials, 4 th ed Donald R. Askeland – Pradeep P. Phulé 2. Prof. Satish V. Kailas, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, Chapter 9 Applications and Processing of Metals and Alloys, NPTEL courses, Lecture Notes NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©
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