NANTAI NVERSTES COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PROBLEM SOLVING ktisadi dari

NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PROBLEM SOLVING İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi iisbf. nisantasi. edu. tr İTESİ © NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERS

PROBLEM SOLVING The process of overcoming obstacles to answer a question or to achieve a goal * Initial State * Goal State * Obstacles NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

PROBLEM REPRESANTATION The importance of determiming what information is relevant and what information is irrelevant is the process of problem represantation NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

THE PROBLEM-SOLVING CYCLE • Problem Identification • Problem definition and represantation • Strategy Formation: Divergent thinking – Convergent thinking • Organization of Information • Resource Allocation • Monitoring • Evaluation • Incubation NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

TYPES OF PROBLEMS • Well- structured problems: Clear path to the solution • I 11 - Structured problems: Dimensions of problem are not specified or easy to infer NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

WELL-STRUCTURED PROBLEMS • Problems with clear paths to their solutions • Computer simulations of well-defined problems: Problem space, Allgorithms • Humans use heuristics NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

HEURISTICS 1) Means-ends analysis 2) Working forward 3) Working backward 4) Generate and test NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

I 11 - STRUCTURED PROBLEMS • Insight • Gestalt View of Insight- Wertheimer, Kohler NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

OBSTACLES TO PROBLEM SOLVING • Mental set • Functional fixedness • Incorrect or incomplete representation of the problem • Lack of domain knowledge NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

TRANSFER Negative Transfer: Solving prior problem makes it more difficult to solve later problem Positive Transfer: Solving earlier problem helps to solve later problem NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

FACTORS AFFECTING USE OF ANALOGIES • Similarity • Number of examples exposed to • Whether schema for problem is activated NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©

KAYNAKLAR Matlin M. W. (2005). Cognition (6 th ed). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Francis, G. , Neath, I. , and Van. Horn, D. (2008). Cog. Lab 2. 0. On a CD NİŞANTAŞI ÜNİVERSİTESİ ©