NANOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS JUST INORGANIC NANOSTRUCTURES Zerodimensional n Fullerenes

NANOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS (JUST) INORGANIC NANOSTRUCTURES Zero-dimensional n Fullerenes n Semiconductor quantum dots & nanoprecipitates n Clusters & nanoparticles One-dimensional n Metallic Nanowires (by planar assembly) n Semiconductor nanowires (by vertical growth) n Carbon Nanotubes (CNT e DW-CNT) Two-dimensional n Graphene and free-standing Si membranes n Ultrathin films on substrates n Semiconductor quantum wells

FULLERENE (C 60) SIZE: 6 -7 Å Ampiamente studiato come accettore di elettroni in BH solar cells organiche

Epitaxial 3 D island Ge/Si(001) Unpatterned substrates SIZE: 40 -200 nm Patterned substrates

NANOPARTICLES AND NANOCLUSTERS CLUSTER SIZE: 5 -50 Å NANOPARTICLE SIZE: 5 -500 nm

SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES SIZE: few nm by few μm

CARBON NANOTUBES (CNT) SIZE: few Å to few nm by μm to mm. Large aspect ratio! SIZE: 6 -7 Å

GRAPHENE (Nobel Prize 2010)

Semiconductor Quantum Well

NANOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS NANOMATERIALS n Meso- (Nano-) porous silica, porous silicon Nanocomposites (e. g. inorganic nanoparticles in polymeric matrix, precipitates, alloys) n Nanostructured materials (nanocrystalline silicon, block copolymers) n n n Metallic or semiconductor superlattices Biologic scaffolds

Mesoporous silica & porous silicon

Nanometric Precipitates

Nanocrystalline semiconductors Block co-polymer membranes

Heteroepitaxial superlattices

Nanoscaffolds for tissue growth

NANOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS NANODEVICES (all components contribute to one function) Field-Effect –Transistor Molecular switcher Molecular transistor Fluidic nanochannels Nano-cantilever

Molecular switcher

TRANSISTORS ! Intel planar, stressedsilicon channel transistor, 45 nm in gate length Intel 22 nm 3 D- transistor

NANOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS NANOSYSTEMS (different components perfom different functions) Nano (Micro-) Electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS o NEMS) Lab-on-chip Sensors Integrated Photonic-Electronic Platforms

Lab-on-chip

Lighting sources Flexible diplays Full color screens 20 White light sources

Nature Nanotech. 10, 878– 885; 2015 Nature Photonics 8, 392– 399 (2014) Energy Photon management: QD LSCs Chromophore hn 1 ell PV C e ll Solar light hn 2 Polymer matrix QD Solar cells Francesco Carulli Nature Nanotechnology 10, 908 (2015) doi: 10. 1038/nnano. 2015. 239

Sensors Ossigeno Vuoto

Nanomedicine Nanovectors for drug delivery What nature does: liposome NANOMEDICINE Imaging Nanosystem with optical/electronic properties dependent on the local environment Artificial liposome polimersome Targeted drug delivery Targeted imaging

Everyday-use technologies made better