Nanotechnology for Energy Fuel Cell Applications The membrane

Nanotechnology for Energy Fuel Cell Applications The membrane in the middle may be made of nanoparticles to improve the performance of the fuel cell. 1

Nanoparticles in Medicine DNA-like molecules can be attached to gold nanoparticles. The resulting nanoparticle complex is designed to seek out and repair or destroy diseased cells such as cancer cells. 2

Nanoparticles in Medicine: Drug Delivery The effective cancer treatment drug cisplatin can be attached to nanoparticles for delivery to cancer cells. 3

Nanoparticles in Medicine: Cancer Therapy by Hyperthermia 4

Gold Nanoparticles in Medicine: Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Imaging Ø X-ray contrast agent (high-Z materials) Therapy Ø X-ray dose enhancement (high-Z materials) Ø Photothermal ablation Ø Gamma- and beta-radiation therapy 5

Environmental Applications: Nitrate and Nitrite Detection Nanoparticles can be used to measure the concentration of toxins in water. Here, the amount of nitrite is related to the color of the nanoparticle solution. 6

Research Project Topics for Students • Environmental fate of nanoparticles: Where do they end up after we use them? • Biological effects: Are any nanoparticles toxic? If so, how are they harmful? • The future of nanoparticles: What new exciting devices or applications will nanoparticles be used for in the future? 7

Online Resources for Learning About Nanoscience National Technology Initiative http: //www. nano. gov/education-training Nanoscience Education Resources, New Mexico State University, Alamogordo http: //alamo. nmsu. edu/~vlombran/Nanoscience_Education_Specific_Teaching_Materials. html National Science Foundation http: //www. nsf. gov/crssprgm/nano/ Discover Nano, Northwestern University http: //www. discovernano. northwestern. edu/index_html Rice University http: //www. discovernano. northwestern. edu/index_html The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies http: //www. nanotechproject. org/inventories/consumer/ 8

Experiments and Activities to teach Nanoscience 1. How small are nano-sized objects? How can they be measured? Scale and Measurement module, Measurement of diameter of a hair http: //www. accessnano. org/teaching-modules/scale-measurement#experiment 3 Measurement of a thin film of oleic acid http: //umassk 12. net/nano/materials/web 2010/ Cutting it down to nano activity (can you cut a piece of paper into nanoscale sized pieces? ) http: //www. mrsec. wisc. edu/Edetc/IPSE/educators/cutting. Nano. html Nanosugar (based on idea that 1 sugar molecule = 1 nm): http: //www. mrsec. wisc. edu/Edetc/IPSE/educators/nano. Sugar. html 2. How do properties of nanomaterials differ from bulk materials? See slides “Size Matters” http: //umassk 12. net/nano/materials/web 2010/ 9

a) Differences in optical properties –see Size matters slide 6 See Making Gold Nanoparticles Lab http: //www. accessnano. org/teaching-modules/properties#experiment 2 b) Increased surface area (increased no. of nucleation sites): Alka seltzer, cards/blocks: Size Matters activities http: //umassk 12. net/nano/materials/web 2010/ http: //www. nnin. org/doc/NNIN-1058. pdf Picture of blowing light powder (flour? ) over a lighter http: //www. nanobionet. de/index. php? id=139&L=2&PHPSESSID=5 stivm 2 ic 28 vqcg 6613 tafpud 1 Could also heat nail and then steel wool in Bunsen burner flame Increased surface area with a tofu block http: //www. trynano. org/pdf/explorenano. pdf Another example: mentos in coke c) Diffusion rates: Nanodiffusion – see gelatin diffusion experiment http: //umassk 12. net/nano/materials/web 2010/ 10

Acknowledgments This presentation contains data and contributions from scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology: Dr. Russell Watson Dr. Ashley Beasley Green Chemical Sciences Division (now at Nalco) Dr. Debbie Kaiser Material Measurement Dr. Gale Holmes Laboratory Materials Science and Engineering Division Dr. Thomas Le. Brun Mechanical Metrology Division 11

12

Nanomeasurements and Nanoproperties: Exploring Nanoscience Mary Satterfield mary. satterfield@nist. gov