Nanoinformatics Locate Collaborate and Integrate Workshop on Nanoinformatics
Nanoinformatics: Locate, Collaborate, and Integrate Workshop on Nanoinformatics Strategies June 12 -13, 2007 Westin Arlington Gateway Hotel Arlington, Virginia Brand L. Niemann, Senior Enterprise Architect, U. S. EPA, and Co-Chair, CIO Council's Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICo. P) June 4, 2007 DRAFT Google: Brand Niemann Google: SICo. P 1
Purpose • Nanoinformatics involves the development of effective mechanisms for collecting, sharing, visualizing and analyzing information relevant to the nanoscale science and engineering community. It also involves the utilization of information and communication technologies that help to launch and support efficient communities of practice. Nanoinformatics is necessary for comparative characterization of nanomaterials, for design and use of nanodevices and nanosystems, for instrumentation development and manufacturing processes. • The purpose of this workshop is to identify and prioritize nanoinformatics needs, discuss ongoing activities and draw up strategies for the future. Participants include cognizant leaders from national nano networks and centers who are actively engaged in building effective information and communication resources, as well as informatics experts from other research communities who can inform and advise. 2
Goals • Identify nanoinformatics needs, challenges and priorities. Discuss informatics activities currently underway that work to address needs in various research, development and education sectors (NCN, EHS, NNN, NIST, NCLT, nanomaterials, etc). • Share best practices on cutting edge techniques in data mining, visual analytics, Web 2. 0 technologies, literature analysis, data standards, digital clearinghouses, web-based communication tools, and related topics, including those from the other fields (e. g. , ca. BIG, Mat. ML, bioinformatics, high energy physics, computer science) and their connection to bioinformatics, and other informatics areas. • Discuss interconnecting databases and mechanisms for defining the ontology of terms. Identify and prioritize strategies best suited for catalyzing nanotechnology research, development and education. 3
US EPA’s Interest • Significant environmental, health, and safety issues might arise with development in nanotechnology since some negative effects of nanoparticles in our environment might be overlooked. Such issues include potential occupational safety and health concerns for those involved in the manufacture of nanotechnologies. However nature itself creates all kinds of nanoobjects, so probable dangers are not due to the nanoscale alone, but due to the fact that toxic materials become more harmful when ingested or inhaled as nanoparticles (see nanotoxicology). – Source: Nanotechnology - Societal implications: • http: //www. answers. com/topic/nanotechnology 4
Overview • • • 1. Introduction 2. Locate 3. Collaborate 4. Integrate 5. Next Steps 6. Contact Information 5
1. Introduction • 1. 1 Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICo. P) • 1. 2 Community of Practice • 1. 3 SICo. P Co-Chair, Mills Davis • 1. 4 Evolution of the Internet • 1. 5 Data and Information Architecture 6
1. 1 Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICo. P) • SICo. P is chartered to do: – White Papers (3): • Introducing Semantic Technologies and the Vision of the Semantic Web (2005). • Semantic Wave 2006 - Executive Guide to the Business Value of Semantic Technologies. Update in 2007. • Operationalizing the Semantic Web/Semantic Technologies: – A roadmap for agencies on how they can take advantage of semantic technologies and begin to develop Semantic Web implementations (recently released for public review). – Conferences (10): 35 Special Recognitions. – Pilots: More than 50. Google: SICo. P 7
1. 2 Community of Practice • What's the purpose? – To develop members' capabilities; to build and exchange knowledge. • Who belongs? – Members who select themselves. • What holds it together? – Passion, commitment, and identification with the group's expertise. • How long does it last? – As long as there is an interest in maintaining the group. William Snyder, Building Communities of Practice. Excerpted from the article "Communities of Practice: The Organizational Frontier" in the Harvard Business Review, January-February 2000. http: //hbswk. hbs. edu/archive/1317. html 8
1. 3 SICo. P Co-Chair, Mills Davis Contact: mdavis@project 10 x. com 9
1. 4 Internet Evolution to 2020 10 http: //www. semantic-conference. com/2007/handouts/6 -Up. BW/T 8_Davis_Mills_Single. Color. pdf
1. 5 Data and Information Architecture Tool Web Search Wikis Program Purpose Federal Sitemaps Locate Google: Federal Sitemaps Most searches start with Google, Yahoo, and MSN COLAB Collaborate Google: COLAB Wiki Need to Share* Semantic Wikis Knowledgebases Integrate Google: DRM 3. 0 and Web 3. 0 Responsibility to Provide* * Mike Mc. Connell, Director of National Intelligence: Move the intelligence community beyond the "need to share" philosophy toward a "responsibility to provide" model (March 6, 2007). 11
2. Locate • 2. 1 Google: Nanotechnology: – June 4, 2007: About 16, 000 • Wikipedia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nanotechnology • 2. 2 Google: Nanoinformatics – June 4, 2007: About 305 • 2. 3 Google: Nanoinformatics and Ontology – June 4, 2007: About 8 • http: //colab. cim 3. net/cgi-bin/wiki. pl? Brand. Niemann ! • 2. 4 Google: Swoogle (http: //swoogle. umbc. edu/): – Nanoinformatics on June 4, 1007: None – Nanotechnology on June 4, 2007: One • http: //www. mindswap. org/2004/multiple. Ont/Factored. Ontologies/NCI /Ontology 19. owl 12
2. Locate • Answers. com: A Mashup of Trusted Reference Knowledge Sources (8)! – A website or application that combines content from more than one source into an integrated experience (repurposing). • http: //www. answers. com/topic/nanotechnology – Encyclopedia and Handbook (10 Volumes each!) • Word. Net Princeton (http: //wordnet. princeton. edu/): – Nanoinformatics: None – Informatics: information science, informatics, information processing, IP (the sciences concerned with gathering, manipulating, storing, retrieving, and classifying recorded information) – Nanotechnology: nanotechnology (the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules)). 13
3. Collaborate • 3. 1 Wiki Knowledge Management • 3. 2 Semantic Web, Meet the Social Web • 3. 3 Service Research & Innovation Initiative • 3. 4 Nanoinformatics Pilot 14
3. 1 Wiki Knowledge Management • Technology Can Enable Complex Adaptive Behavior in Human Knowledge Workers: – Capabilities Wikis Bring: • Because Wikis are real-time, self-authored, hyperlinked bodies of knowledge that are open to everyone on the system, they can adapt as fast as a person can enter information. • Wikis also provide a space for knowledge evolve as the world changes, without knowledge reengineering. – Together, Google and the Wikipedia manage more knowledge better and faster and cheaper than any other framework we have yet invented. Dr. Calvin Andrus, CIA. Closing Keynote, Knowledge Management 2007 Conference, April 3 -5. 15 http: //events. fcw. com/events/2007/KM/downloads/KM 07_Keynote_Andrus_V 1. pdf
3. 2 Semantic Web, Meet the Social Web • Social Web: – Architecture of participation – user data – Emergent, bottom-up value creation – Vital ecosystem of software and data reuse • Semantic Web: – Architecture of computation – structured data – Value from integration – Ecosystem of service composition • The Killer Apps of Social + Semantic Web: – Collective Knowledge Systems Gruber (2007), Grande Challenges for Ontology Design, Ontolog Forum, March 1, 2007. Slide 15. http: //tomgruber. org/writing/challenges-for-ontology-design. htm 16
3. 3 Service Research & Innovation Initiative • Build Knowledgebases for Service Systems: – A semantic model = ontology(s) + the database of instances built as a social contract between those the know how to build them and those that need them (business partners). – Dr. James Spohrer, Towards a Science of Service Systems, CIOC Best Practices Committee, March 19, 2007, and Service Research & Innovation Initiative (SRII), Technology Services Research & Innovation Symposium, May 30 th, Santa Clara Convention Center, http: //www. thesrii. org. (See Slide 18. ) – See Best Practices Committee, April 16, 2007, Pilot with KZO Networks. (See Slide 21. ) 17
3. 3 Service Research & Innovation Initiative The Challenge: Service Industry Growth enable People develop Consumer services Non-market services design Products operate & maintain Industrial services enable Business transform Business services create Information utilize Information services 18 Source: Dr. Spohrer, Towards a Science of Service Systems, CIOC Best Practices Committee, March 19, 2007.
3. 3 Service Research & Innovation Initiative The Challenge: CIO Council Silos People Goal 1 (see next slide) IT Workforce Committee Stakeholders Input and Outreach Business Goal 4 Executive Committee The “Medici Effect” Information Technology Goal 3 Architecture & Infrastructure Committee Information Goal 2 Best Practices Committee Source: Pages 21 -22, Federal Chief Information Officer Council Strategic Plan: FY 20072009, 28 pp. http: //www. cio. gov/documents/CIOCouncil. Strategic. Plan 2007 -2009. pdf 19
3. 3 Service Research & Innovation Initiative Federal Chief Information Officer Council Strategic Plan (FY 2007 -2009) Goals • Goal 1. A cadre of highly capable IT professionals with the mission critical competencies needed to meet agency goals. • Goal 2. Information securely, rapidly, and reliably delivered to our stakeholders. • Goal 3. Interoperable IT solutions, identified and used efficiently and effectively across the Federal Government. • Goal 4. An integrated, accessible Federal infrastructure enabling interoperability across Federal, state, tribal, and local governments, as well as partners in the commercial and academic sectors. 20
3. 3 Service Research & Innovation Initiative Example of a Service System Application and Interface People Information Technology Information Business http: //campustechnology. com/articles/46250/ 21
3. 3 Service Research & Innovation Initiative The Medici Effect • “The Medicis were a banking family in Florence who funded creators from a wide range of disciplines. Thanks to this family and a few others like it, sculptors, scientists, poets, philosophers, financiers, painters, and architects converged on the city of Florence. There they found each other, learned from one another, and broke down barriers and cultures. Together they forged a new world based on new ideas – what became known as the Renaissance. ” – Frans Johansson, The Medici Effect, Harvard Business School Press, 2006, pages 2 -3. • http: //hbswk. hbs. edu/archive/4376. html 22
3. 3 Service Research & Innovation Initiative The Medici Effect • “When you step into an intersection of fields, disciplines, or cultures, you can combine existing concepts into a large number of extraordinary ideas. ” • “We have met teams and individuals who have searched for, and found, intersections between disciplines, cultures, concepts, and domains. Once there, they have the opportunity to innovate as never before, creating the Medici Effect. ” – Frans Johansson, The Medici Effect, Harvard Business School Press, 2006, page 186. 23
3. 4 Nanoinformatics Pilot http: //colab. cim 3. net/cgi-bin/wiki. pl? Nanoinformatics. Strategies. Workshop_2007_06_1213 24
3. 4 Nanoinformatics Pilot • Nanotechnology Characteristics*: – – Broad range of topics Highly multidisciplinary Diverse lines of inquiry “Bottom-up” and “Top-down” approaches • COLAB: An Open Collaborative Work Environment (CWE) to Support Networking Among Communities of Practice: – Includes a wiki, email discussion forum, message archive, shared file workspace, full text search, and portal. • http: //www. gsa. gov/collaborate • http: //www. cim 3. com/CWE_Hosting_Plan. html * Wikipedia: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Nanotechnology 25
4. Integrate • 4. 1 Table of Contents for Nanotechnology at Wikipedia • 4. 2 DRM 3. 0 and Web 3. 0 Knowledgebase • 4. 3 Appropriate Applications of the “Spectrum of From Search to Knowing” • 4. 4 Semantic Wikis • 4. 5 Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization 26
4. 1 Table of Contents for Nanotechnology at Wikipedia • • 1 Origins 2 Fundamental concepts – 2. 1 Larger to smaller: a materials perspective – 2. 2 Simple to complex: a molecular perspective – 2. 3 Molecular nanotechnology: a long-term view • 3 Current research – – – • • • 3. 1 Nanomaterials 3. 2 Bottom-up approaches 3. 3 Top-down approaches 3. 4 Functional approaches 3. 5 Speculative 4 Tools and techniques 5 Applications 6 Implications – 6. 1 Health and environmental issues – 6. 2 Broader societal implications and challenges • • 7 References 8 See also 9 Further reading 10 External links 27
4. 2 DRM 3. 0 and Web 3. 0 Knowledgebase • Metadata: – Full text of documents, meeting notes, etc. • Harmonization – Different ways in which the same words are used. • Enhanced Search: – Across all documents and showing context (e. g. words around the term or concepts) • Mashups: – A website or application that combines content from more than one source into an integrated experience (repurposing). 28
4. 3 Appropriate Applications of the “Spectrum of From Search to Knowing” • Taxonomy: – Categorization, Simple Search & Navigation, Simple Indexing. • Thesaurus: – Synonyms, Enhanced Search (Improved Recall) & Navigation, Cross Indexing. • Data and Object Models: – Enterprise Modeling (system, service, data), Question-Answering (Improved Precision), Querying, SW Services. • Logical Theory: – Real World Domain Modeling, Semantic Search (using concepts, properties, relations, rules), Machine Interpretability (M 2 M, M 2 H semantic interoperability), Automated Reasoning, SW Services. Source: Michael Eschold’s Presentation at Sem. Tech 2007 Based on Leo Obrst. 29 http: //colab. cim 3. net/file/work/SICo. P/2007 -05 -22/SICo. PSTC 05222007. ppt
4. 4 Semantic Wikis 2007 Semantic Technology Conference Presentations, May 20 -24 th • Building Semantic Applications in a Semantic Wiki, Mills Davis, Project 10 X, and Conor Shankey, Visual Knowledge. • Semantic Wiki, Michael Lang, Revelytix. – http: //www. semantic-conference. com/2007/handouts/2 Up. BW/Lang_Michael_2 Up. BW. pdf • Policy Wiki for Compliance and Risk, Edgar Rodriguez, Cogo, Inc. , and Conor Shankey, Visual Knowledge. • Five High-Yield Collaborative Applications for Semantic Wikis, Conor Shankey, Visual Knowledge. • Automatic Generation of Natural Language Reports from Semantic Research Results, Chuck Rehberg, Semantic Insights. – http: //www. semantic-conference. com/2007/handouts/2 Up. BW/Rehberg_Chuck_2 Up. BW. pdf 30
4. 4 Semantic Wikis Nanoinformatics Strategies Pilot http: //www. visualknowledge. com/wiki/Nanoinormatics 31
4. 4 Semantic Wikis Visual. Knowledge Semantic Wiki • What is a semantic wiki? : – Semantic - From the Greek words Greek s. Emantikos significant, from s. Emainein to signify, mean - of or having Meaning. – WIKI- A collaborative community web-based environment that enables prosumers to generate, present, and review content in a peer-reviewed environment. • A WIKI empowered with an Agent-based ontology authoring, management and reviewing tools. A Semantic WIKI allows users to input data into the system in the same fashion as earlier WIKI and collaborative tools have, however, the Semantic Wiki includes tools for creating a model of that data such that the data entered becomes a network of related concepts, tied into an underlying model of the knowledge domain - in essence a Semantic Wiki is a Wiki that understands its content. 32
4. 4 Semantic Wikis Visual. Knowledge Semantic Wiki • Leveraging the powerful ontology building tools of Visual Knowledge and the OWL/RDF standard representation, the VK Semantic Wiki empowers users to work on three discrete levels. In a VK Semantic Wiki businesses or communities can: • Allow Subject Matter Experts [SME] to dump knowledge, facts, documents and other unorganized material into an easy to use online interface. • Allows Content integrators to quickly categorize and instantiate the data entered by the SMEs into the Ontology of the Domain. • Allows Ontologists (Knowledge Modelers) to create deep OWL ontologies of their corporation utilizing cutting edge webbased visualization tools. Similarly, the Ontologists can also leverage the deeper capacities of Visual Knowledge to build domain specific application functionality. 33
4. 5 Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization • New features and capabilities in the VK Semantic Wiki include: – importing table schemas and instances as semantic models; – modeling/drawing of ontologies; and – wiring semantic behaviors into applications in the same environment. • Bio. CAD: – Integration of Biological Data with Semantic Networks, Michael Hsing, 1 and Artem Cherkasov, Current Bioinformatics, 2006, 1, 000 -000 • http: //colab. cim 3. net/file/work/SICo. P/2006 -1010/Hsing_CBIO. pdf 34
5. Next Steps • 5. 1 Involve NIST Ontology and Manufacturing Capabilities: – http: //www. mel. nist. gov/msid/ – http: //colab. cim 3. net/cgibin/wiki. pl? Interoperable. Manufacturing. Communityof. P ractice • 5. 2 Form the Nanoinformatics Co. P • 5. 3 Share Learning and Best Practices • 5. 4 Build Knowledgebases to Connect Multiple Sources of Information Through the Use of Semantic Technologies / Ontologies 35
5. 2 Form the Nanoinformatics Co. P • Suggested Five Steps: – Co. P Mission Statement: • Slide 2 – Co. P Membership List: • Slide 24 - Workshop Attendees – Co. P Strategy: • Slide 3 – Training Conference Call (with items 1 -3 entered into the Semantic Wiki space): • This Workshop – Commitments to collaboratively publish and edit trusted reference knowledge sources in the Semantic Wiki space. • This Workshop? 36
5. 4 Build Knowledgebases • Recall: – Slide 3: Goal of “interconnecting databases and mechanisms for defining the ontology of terms. ” – 13: Mashup of Trusted Reference Knowledge Sources and Princeton Word. Net. – 17: A semantic model = ontology(s) + the database of instances built as a social contract between those the know how to build them and those that need them (business partners). – 27: Table of Contents for Nanotechnology at Wikipedia. – 28: DRM 3. 0 and Web 3. 0 Knowledgebase (Metadata, Harmonization, Enhanced Search, and Mashups) – 29: Appropriate Applications of the “Spectrum of From Search to Knowing” (Taxonomy, Thesaurus, Data and Object Models, and Logical Theory). 37
5. 4 Build Knowledgebases • Initial Content Selection: – – Nanotechnology at Wikipedia Nanotehcnology at Answers. com National Nanotechnlogy Initiative Final Nanotechnology White Paper, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, February 15, 2007: • 6. 5 Intra-Agency Workgroup. EPA should convene a standing intra-Agency group to foster information sharing regarding risk assessment or regulatory activities for nanomaterials across program offices and regions. – http: //www. epa. gov/osa/nanotech. htm 38
5. 4 Build Knowledgebases http: //web-services. gov/lp. Bin 22/lpext. dll/Folder 21/Infobase 13/1? fn=main-j. htm&f=templates&2. 0 39
6. Contact Information • Brand Niemann: – Senior Enterprise Architect • • US Environmental Protection Agency 202 -564 -9491 Niemann. brand@epa. gov http: //colab. cim 3. net/cgi-bin/wiki. pl? Brand. Niemann – Co-Chair, Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICo. P): • http: //colab. cim 3. net/cgi-bin/wiki. pl? SICo. P • http: //web-services. gov/ 40
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