NAMING OTHER FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Chemistry 11 Organic Chemistry

NAMING OTHER FUNCTIONAL GROUPS Chemistry 11 – Organic Chemistry 5

OTHER FUNCTIONAL GROUPS: Today, we will be working on naming three more functional groups: aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids. In each case, just remember that the carbon that contains the functional group will have number priority (i. e. lowest number possible) when naming.

ALDEHYDES: Aldehydes are characterized by the functional group carbonyl, or -C=O at the end of a carbon chain, with an additional H attached to the carbon. If this functional group is present in your compound, you add “-al” to the end of the name.

EXAMPLES: Name the following compounds: 1. butanal 2. methyl-propanal

KETONES: Ketones are characterized by double bond oxygen in the middle of a carbon chain: If this functional group is present in your compound, then the ending of the compound is changed to “anone”

EXAMPLES: Name the following compounds: 1. butanone 2. ethyl-cyclopropanone

CARBOXYLIC ACIDS: Carboxylic acids are characterized by a COOH group at the end of a carbon chain. This makes it an acid because carboxylic acids are likely to lose the hydrogen at the end (off the OH group). If this functional group is present in your compound, the ending changes to “-anoic acid”.

EXAMPLES: Name or draw the following compounds: 1. ethanoic acid 2. 3 -methyl-butanoic acid 3. 2, 2 -dibromo-3 -methyl-pentanoic acid

ASSIGNMENT Finish the “Try” questions on the back of the notes. Page 242 #39 (a, b, e-I, k-r)