Naming and Writing Formulas of Ionic Compounds PAGE
- Slides: 60
Naming and Writing Formulas of Ionic Compounds PAGE 238 – 241
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • STEP 1: Write the name of the METAL ion (unchanged) • STEP 2: Write the name the NON-METAL ion by changing it’s ending to –IDE. Name a compound made with Calcium and Fluorine
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds • STEP 1: Write the name of the METAL ion (unchanged) • STEP 2: Write the name the NON-METAL ion by changing it’s ending to –IDE. Name a compound made with Calcium and Fluorine Calcium fluoride
Check your understanding 1. What is the name of the compound formed from these elements? Lithium and oxygen Magnesium and sulfur Rubidium and bromine
Check your understanding 1. What is the name of the compound formed from these elements? Lithium and oxygen Magnesium and sulfur Rubidium and bromine lithium oxide magnesium sulfide rubidium bromide
Naming IONIC COMPOUNDS • Ionic compounds are named with the following rules: • The more positive element is written first. • Change the ending of the last element to ide. Na 2 O Ca. I 2 Ba. F 2
Naming IONIC COMPOUNDS • Ionic compounds are named with the following rules: • The more positive element is written first. • Change the ending of the last element to ide. Na 2 O sodium oxide Ca. I 2 calcium oxide Ba. F 2 barium fluoride
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULAS • In ionic compounds, every ELECTRON that is GIVEN by a metal must be ACCEPTED by a non-metal. • Even though ions have charges, when they form ionic bonds in a compound, the overall charge of the compound is NEUTRAL.
Writing Formulas of Ionic Compounds • When writing formulas of ionic compounds you must first DETERMINE THE CHARGES of the ions. • The Periodic Table lists ionic charge of each element
STEP 1: Determine the charges Eg. A compound of Calcium and Chlorine: Calcium: Ca 2+ Chlorine: Cl 1 -
STEP 2: Balance the charges Ca 2+ Cl 1 Total positive = 2 Total negative = -1 Need another -1 to balance
STEP 2: Balance the charges Ca 2+ Total positive = 2 Cl 1 - Total negative = - 2
STEP 3: Determine the LOWEST RATIO Ca 2+ Total positive = 2 Cl 1 - Now total negative = - 2 ONE Calcium ion (+2) balances charges with TWO chlorine ions (-1) 1: 2
STEP 4: Use SUBSCRIPTS Use subscripts to express the ratio. If only ONE element is needed, no subscript is used. Ca 2+ Total positive = 2 Cl 1 Total negative = 2 1 : 2 Formula is Ca. Cl 2, Never Ca 2 Cl 4
Practice • Write the formula for a compound of Calcium and Sulfur.
Practice • Write the formula for a compound of Calcium and Sulfur. • 1. Determine the charges: Ca 2+ S-2 • 2+ 2 -
Practice • Write the formula for a compound of Calcium and Chlorine. 1. Determine the charges: Ca 2+ S 2. Balance the charges: 2+ 2 - (need only sulfur to balance the charges)
Practice • Write the formula for a compound of Calcium and Sulfur. 1. Determine the charges: Ca 2+ S 22. Balance the charges: 2+ 23. Determine the ratio 1 calcium : 1 sulfur
Practice • Write the formula for a compound of Calcium and Sulfur. 1. 2. 3. 4. Determine the charges: Ca 2+ S 2 Balance the charges: 2+ 2 Determine the ratio 1 calcium : 1 sulfur Use subscripts if necessary Ca. S
Another One • Write the formula for a compound containing Aluminum and Sulfur • Step 1: Determine the charges Al 3+ S -2
Another One • Write the formula for a compound containing Aluminum and Sulfur • Step 1: Determine the charges Al 3+ S -2 • Balance the charges 3, 3 : 2, 2, 2 • 6 6
Another One • Write the formula for a compound containing Aluminum and Sulfur • Step 1: Determine the charges Al 3+ S -2 • Balance the charges 3, 3 : 2, 2, 2 • 6 6 • Use subscripts Al 2 S 3
PRACTICE • Lithium and Nitrogen • Strontium and fluorine • Lanthanum and Nitrogen
PRACTICE • Lithium and Nitrogen • Strontium and fluorine • Lanthanum and Nitrogen Li 3 N Sr. F 2 La. N
Homework • WB p 46 in class
Naming and Writing Formulas of Multivalent Compounds
IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH MORE THAN ONE COMBINING CAPACITY • Some elements are multivalent, meaning they can have MORE THAN ONE ion charge. • For example, iron can form two different ions: Fe 2+ and Fe 3+
NAMING MULTIVALENT IONS • ROMAN NUMERALS indicate the CHARGE of that ion (not how many ions are present) Cu 3+ Fe 2+ Mn 4+
NAMING MULTIVALENT IONS • ROMAN NUMERALS tell us the CHARGE of the multivalent ion Cu 3+ is called Copper (III) Fe 2+ Iron (II) Mn 4+ Manganese (IV)
WRITING FORMULAS OF IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH MULTIVALENT IONS STEP 1: Determine the charges. STEP 2: Determine total charges needed to Balance. Step 3: Reduce the ratio. STEP 4: Use subscripts.
WRITING FORMULAS OF IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH MULTIVALENT IONS • Iron (III) and Sulfur
WRITING FORMULAS OF IONIC COMPOUNDS WITH MULTIVALENT IONS Fe +3 S -2 Total charges needed +3, +3 (Need two Iron, three Sulfur) Formula is Fe 2 S 3 -2, -2
Practice • Write the formula of: • Iron (II) Chloride • Cobalt (III) Bromide • Tin (IV) Chloride • Mercury (I) Arsenic
Practice • Write the formula of: • Iron (II) Chloride Fe. Cl 2 • Cobalt (III) Bromide Co. Br 3 • Tin (IV) Chloride Sn Cl 4 • Mercury (I) Arsenic Hg 3 As
NAMING IONIC COMPOUONDS WITH MULTIVALENT IONS • WORK BACKWARDS to find out the combining capacity of a multivalent element. • Example: Fe. Cl 2 • Example: Fe. Cl 3
NAMING IONIC COMPOUONDS WITH MULTIVALENT IONS Example: Fe. Cl 2 • We know Cl has a -1 charge, • And that there are two of them in the first example (so -2 total on that side). • We know from the formula there is only one Iron. • What charge must iron have to balance the two negative charges of chlorine? Answer = 2+ • Use Roman Numerals to indicate this + 2 Charge: • Iron (II) Chloride
NAMING IONIC COMPOUONDS WITH MULTIVALENT IONS • Example: Fe. Cl 2 Example: Fe. Cl 3 Iron (II) Chloride Iron (III) Chloride
Fe. O Pb. O 2 Mo. N Cu 2 S Mn 3 P 2 Au. Cl 3
Fe. O iron (II) oxide Pb. O 2 lead (IV) oxide Mo. N Molybdenum (III) nitride Cu 2 S Mn 3 P 2 Au. Cl 3 copper (I) sulfide Manganese (II) Gold (III) phosphide chloride Roman Numerals can ONLY be used if the element has more than one combining capacity.
POLYATOMIC IONS
Polyatomic Ions • A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms together in groups (like a package of atoms) and have a charge like an ion. • Most polyatomic ions are negative and they behave like a single unit in a compound. • The most common positive polyatomic ion is: NH 4+ • It behaves like a METALS in a compound.
Naming Compounds with Polyatomic ions • When naming, use the given name of the package: • Step 1: Name the cation (unchanged) • Step 2: Name the anion (polyatomic ion) • Eg. Ca. CO 3
Naming Compounds with Polyatomic ions • When naming, use the given name of the package: • Step 1: Name the cation (unchanged) • Step 2: Name the anion (polyatomic ion) • Eg. Ca. CO 3 Calcium Carbonate
Try these • Na. NO 3 • K 2 Cr. O 4 • KOH • Li. NO 2
Try these • Na. NO 3 • K 2 Cr. O 4 • KOH • Li. NO 2 Sodium nitrate Potassium chromate Potassium hydroxide Lithium nitrite
POLYATOMIC IONS • Use brackets around the whole polyatomic group if more than one is needed, and the subscript OUTSIDE of the bracket. • The subscript refers to everything inside the brackets. • Example: Al 2(CO 3)3
POLYATOMIC IONS • Example: Al 2(CO 3)3 • How many Oxygen in this formula?
POLYATOMIC IONS • Example: Al 2(CO 3)3 • How many Oxygen in this formula? • 3 x 3 = 9 Oxygen • How many Aluminum?
POLYATOMIC IONS • Example: Al 2(CO 3)3 • How many Oxygen in this formula? • 3 x 3 = 9 Oxygen • How many Aluminum? TWO • THREE carbon
More Practice Mg. SO 4 Ca(NO 3)2 Li 2 SO 3 Au 2 CO 3
Practice Mg. SO 4 Magnesium Sulfate Ca(NO 3)2 Calcium Nitrate Li 2 SO 3 Lithium Sulfite Au 2 CO 3 Gold Carbonate
One positive Polyatomic Ion • NH 4 + Ammonium ion • NH 4 Cl • Step 1: Name the cation first in this case, keep the name of the polyatomic ion. • Step 2: Name the anion (change the ending to –ide).
One positive Polyatomic Ion NH 4 Cl • Ammonium Chloride
Writing Formulas using the Cross Over Method
The Cross-over Method • The ions must combine in a ratio that gives an overall neutral charge. Magnesium bromide:
Magnesium chloride Practice Sodium oxide Potassium fluoride Barium sulphide Calcium nitride Beryllium phosphide
Magnesium chloride Barium sulphide Mg. Cl Ba. S Sodium oxide Na 2 O Potassium fluoride KF Calcium nitride Ca 3 N 2 Practice Beryllium phosphide Be 3 P 2
Write the formulas of the polyatomic compounds using the crossover method Ammonium Magnesium Calcium chlorate chloride hydroxide Calcium sulphate Potassium nitrite Lithium nitrate
Write the formulas of the polyatomic compounds using the crossover method Ammonium chloride Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Calcium chlorate Ca(Cl. O 3)2 NH 4 Cl Calcium sulphate Potassium nitrite Lithium nitrate KNO 2 Li. NO 3 Ca. SO 4
Homework • Read text p 238 -241 • Answer CYU p 244 #1, 6, 10 a, b, d, e, 11 bcdf, 12 abcd • WB page 46
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