Naming Acids and Bases Naming Bases Bases contain
Naming Acids and Bases
Naming Bases • Bases contain an OH group • C 6 H 12 O 6 does not have an OH group • If an OH group is present it will be clearly indicated: e. g. Na. OH, Ca(OH)2 • Also notice that bases have a metal (or positive ion such as NH 4+ at their beginning) • Bases are named like other ionic compounds: • +ve is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide - copper(I) hydroxide Cu. OH - Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide NH 4 OH ammonium -hydroxide
Acids • If you know a compound’s chemical formula, you may be able to identify it as an acid. – Acids often behave like acids only when dissolved in water. – Therefore, acids are often written with subscript (aq) = aqueous = water • The chemical formula of an acid usually starts with Hydrogen (H). – Acids with a carbon usually have the C written first. • HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid, HNO 3(aq) = nitric acid, CH 3 COOH(aq) = acetic acid
Naming Acids – Hydrogen + …-ide = Hydro…ic acid • HF(aq) = hydrogen fluoride = hydrofluoric acid – Hydrogen + …-ate = …ic acid • H 2 CO 3(aq) = hydrogen carbonate = carbonic acid – Hydrogen + …-ite = …ous acid • H 2 SO 3(aq) = hydrogen sulphite = sulphurous acid
Naming Acids: Binary acids • All acids contain H • Most acids start with H (e. g. HCl, H 2 SO 4) • 2 acids types exist: binary acids and oxyacids Binary: H + non-metal. E. g. HCl Oxy: H + polyatomic ion. E. g. H 2 SO 4 • Each have different naming rules. Binary acids: naming depends on state of acid • If it’s not aqueous: hydrogen + non-metal HCl(g) = hydrogen chloride • If it is aqueous: hydro + non-metal + ic acid HCl(aq) = hydrochloric acid (aqueous hydrogen chloride)
HBr(s) hydrogen bromide H 2 S(aq) H 2 S(g) hydrosulfuric acid HI(aq) hydr(o)iodic acid hydrogen sulfide
Naming Acids: Oxyacids • Naming does not depend on the state (aq) • 1) name the polyatomic ion 2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous 3) change non-metal root for pronunciation 4) add “acid” to the name E. g. H 2 SO 3 1) sulphite, 2) sulphous, 3) sulphurous, 4) sulphurous acid HNO 2 hypochlorous acid H 3 PO 4(aq) carbonic acid
Naming Acids: Oxyacids • Naming does not depend on the state (aq) • 1) name the polyatomic ion 2) replace ate with ic, ite with ous 3) change non-metal root for pronunciation 4) add “acid” to the name E. g. H 2 SO 3 1) sulphite, 2) sulphous, 3) sulphurous, 4) sulphurous acid HNO 2 hypochlorous acid - nitrous acid - HCl. O H 3 PO 4(aq) carbonic acid - phosphoric acid - H 2 CO 3
Give formula or name a) chloric acid b) hydrosulfuric acid c) hydrobromic acid d) phosphorous acid e) iodic acid f) HCl(g) g) HCl(aq) h) H 2 SO 4(s) i) H 2 SO 4(aq) j) HCl. O 2 k) HF(aq) a) HCl. O 3 b) H 2 S(aq) c) HBr(aq) d) H 3 PO 3 e) HIO 3 f) hydrogen chloride g) hydrochloric acid h) sulfuric acid i) sulfuric acid j) chlorous acid k) hydrofluoric acid
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