Name Date Hour Notes Unit 1 Carbohydrates 1

Name Date Hour Notes: Unit 1 --Carbohydrates

(1) What is a carbohydrate? • Type of Biomolecule • Means: “hydrated carbon” – Has the same ratio of H and O as in Water

(2) Elements • Carbon (C) • Hydrogen (H) • Oxygen (O)

(3) Monomer • Monomer: Basic unit or Smallest unit of a polymer (larger molecule). • Carbohydrate Monomer: – Monosaccharide = Single Sugar

(4) Polymer • Polymer: A larger structure (molecule) made of many smaller units (monomers). • Carbohydrate Polymer: – Polysaccharide = Many sugars

(5) Types of Carbohydrates • Monosaccharide = 1 Sugar – Simple Sugar or Carb – Examples: Glucose, Fructose • Disaccharide = 2 Sugars – Simple Sugar or Carb – Examples: Sucrose, Maltose • Polysaccharide = Many Sugars – Complex Sugar or Carb – Examples: Starch, Cellulose

(6) Function • Major: – Immediate energy – Intermediate energy • Minor: – Structure

(7) Examples • • • Table Sugar Bread Pastries Plants (cell walls / outer covering) Potatoes Whole Grains

(8) Simple vs. Complex Carbs • RECALL: – Energy is stored in bonds – More Bonds = More Energy • Simple Carb: – Small molecule, Few molecules – Few bonds Little Energy – Few bonds Break Fast • Complex Carb: – Large molecule, Many parts – Many bonds Lots of Energy – Many bonds Break Slowly